Arterial Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)

Researchers are evaluating an AI-assisted digital health tool called the "Smart family doctor" to improve control of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia in adults who have undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study uses a randomized controlled design involving about 536 participants across 5-10 hospitals. Participants must be adults aged 18 or older with a history of CABG or PCI and the specified conditions. Participants in the experimental group will use the AI-assisted "Smart family doctor" app that provides personalized health education, targeted guidance on managing blood pressure, blood sugar, medication adherence, exercise, and smoking cessation. They will also receive tailored reminders and can report self-measured health data for feedback. Both groups receive weekly 3-hour health management guidance from health managers, and participants will wear a smart band daily for health data collection during the 6-month study period. Throughout the study, participants will be assessed for control rates of hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia at 6 months. Additional measures include blood pressure, cholesterol levels, blood glucose, physical activity, quality of life, psychological status, and cognitive function. The study monitors health data continuously via smart bands and collects self-reports and clinical assessments to evaluate the intervention's impact over the 6 months.

Researchers are evaluating the PILI 'Aina project to improve the management of common diet-related cardiometabolic diseases like type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemias, and obesity among Native Hawaiian adults. This project aims to reduce risk factors for new diet-related illnesses by promoting traditional Native Hawaiian diets and improving social cohesion. The study focuses on adapting and testing an evidence-based multilevel intervention called PILI 'Aina to optimize its effectiveness and sustainability. The study involves a community-level component called 'Ai Pono, which includes quarterly hands-on cooking demonstrations and cultural lessons held over five years, for a total of 36 events. Each 2-hour event features cooking demonstrations, tastings, and education about the cultural importance of traditional foods like sweet potato, breadfruit, and kalo. These lessons aim to improve family and community eating environments and social cohesion. Attendance is limited to 30 people per event, with priority given to new participants after the first lesson. Participants will be surveyed at each event to assess their reactions, fruit and vegetable intake, confidence in healthy eating, and feelings of community support. Additionally, random samples of households in participating homesteads will be surveyed annually to measure family environment, nutrition environment, social cohesion, diet self-efficacy, food literacy, and social support. These assessments will occur at baseline and yearly for four years, helping researchers evaluate the impact and sustainability of the intervention over time.

Researchers are evaluating the accuracy of two diagnostic methods, 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT and adrenal venous sampling (AVS), in identifying the subtype of primary aldosteronism (PA) concurrent with autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS) in patients with adrenal nodules. This prospective, multicenter, randomized crossover trial aims to compare the diagnostic performance of these methods based on biochemical and clinical remission outcomes, focusing on whether 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT is not less accurate than AVS. The main goal is to guide treatment decisions effectively based on these diagnostic results. Participants are randomly assigned to one of two groups: one group undergoes 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT first followed by AVS, and the other group undergoes AVS first followed by 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT. Treatment strategies are then guided by the diagnostic findings. Both interventions are diagnostic tests used to determine unilateral primary aldosteronism, with specific criteria for diagnosis based on imaging and sampling results. This crossover design allows each patient to receive both diagnostic methods in different orders. During the study, participants will be monitored with a primary focus on the proportion of complete biochemical remission at 6 months postoperatively. Additional assessments include clinical remission rates and diagnostic accuracy in the surgical population. The study includes follow-up visits at 6 months after treatment to evaluate outcomes. Safety and treatment effectiveness are monitored throughout the trial, which is expected to last until the end of 2029.

Researchers are studying how blood flow to muscles is controlled and how this changes with age and certain diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), sepsis, pulmonary hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. The study focuses on four key pathways that affect blood vessel constriction and dilation: Angiotensin-II, Endothelin-1, Nitric Oxide, and oxidative stress. The goal is to better understand how these pathways contribute to reduced blood flow during exercise and whether these changes can be improved. Participants will receive various treatments including exercise tests and drugs that affect blood vessel function, such as Nitric Oxide blockers, antioxidants, receptor antagonists, and other vasoactive agents. These treatments will be given through catheter placements for measurements and infusions. Different groups include healthy young adults, older adults, and patients with conditions like COPD, pulmonary arterial hypertension, heart failure, and hypertension. The study will also evaluate effects before and after exercise training. During the study, participants will undergo tests such as maximum exercise capacity, measurements of blood flow, blood pressure, muscle metabolism, and muscle fatigue using advanced imaging techniques like Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). Researchers will monitor changes in limb blood flow and other outcomes at baseline and one hour after treatments. The study aims to provide detailed insight into how vascular function changes with age and disease and how it responds to various interventions over time.

Researchers are evaluating the effectiveness of a six-month virtually-delivered dietary education program called PEDALL to prevent overweight and obesity during maintenance chemotherapy in children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The study focuses on English and Spanish speaking families and considers key genetic and sociodemographic risk factors that may affect weight gain during treatment. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: the PEDALL intervention group or the standard of care (SOC) group. The PEDALL group will receive 26 contact hours of specialized nutrition education through weekly one-hour virtual sessions over six months. The SOC group will receive printed educational materials and nutritional care according to their institution's usual practices. During the study, participants and their caregivers will engage in nutrition education and counseling sessions. Researchers will assess weight status, body mass index trajectories, lifestyle behaviors, and the influence of genetic and sociodemographic factors over time. The main goal is to prevent unhealthy weight gain during maintenance chemotherapy and improve long-term health outcomes for childhood ALL survivors. The study will last up to 3.5 years for primary outcomes, with additional follow-up extending to four years.

Researchers are investigating the relationship between obesity and type 2 diabetes, conditions influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. This study aims to better understand how different genetic variations affect gene expression in tissues involved in glucose and lipid metabolism, which may contribute to what is called "diabesity," a combined condition of diabetes and obesity. The study uses advanced genomic techniques and bioinformatics to analyze these factors in both humans and animal models. Participants in this observational study are grouped based on their body mass index (BMI) and diabetes or glucose intolerance status. Groups include individuals with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 with diabetes, glucose intolerance, or without diabetes, as well as those with BMI < 27 kg/m2 and BMI between 27 and 35 kg/m2 without diabetes. Samples are collected during abdominal surgeries such as bariatric surgery or cholecystectomy to study gene expression and metabolic pathways. During the study, researchers collect biological samples at baseline and follow participants over several years to assess changes in gene expression and insulin resistance. They also evaluate clinical and biological features before and after bariatric surgery at 1, 2, and 5 years. The primary measurement focuses on gene expression in tissues related to glucose metabolism. This long-term observation helps to understand the genetic and phenotypic factors influencing obesity and diabetes, with participation lasting up to 5 years.

Researchers are evaluating a program called LINKED-HEARTS aimed at improving health outcomes for adults with uncontrolled high blood pressure who also have type 2 diabetes or chronic kidney disease. This trial involves 600 adults receiving care at community health centers and compares usual care with an enhanced program that includes home blood pressure monitoring linked to telemonitoring technology and team-based support. The goal is to reduce blood pressure, lower blood sugar levels, and improve kidney function through integrated clinical and community support. The study has two groups: one receives enhanced usual care with home blood pressure monitors, and the other participates in the LINKED-HEARTS Program. Participants in the LINKED-HEARTS group will use the Omron 10 series blood pressure monitor with the Sphygmo telemonitoring app. They will also receive education and support from community health workers and telehealth visits with pharmacists who collaborate with providers to optimize medication. The enhanced usual care group also uses the blood pressure monitor with training but receives standard care from their primary doctors. Participants will measure and transmit blood pressure data using the telemonitoring app, and their health will be tracked over 12 months. Researchers will assess blood pressure control, changes in blood pressure readings, blood sugar levels, body mass index, kidney function, and quality of life. The study includes regular monitoring and support to help participants manage their chronic conditions. Total participation lasts at least one year, with outcome measurements at baseline, 12 months, and some quality of life assessments continuing to 24 months.

Researchers are evaluating the safety, tolerability, and how the body processes Semaglutide Nasal Spray compared to a placebo and a known injection in adults who are overweight or obese. This Phase I clinical trial aims to better understand the effects of the nasal spray formulation of Semaglutide in this population. The study is sponsored by Shanghai World Leader Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and focuses on adults aged 18 to 65 years with specific body mass index ranges. Participants will receive either the Semaglutide Nasal Spray, placebo, or a Semaglutide injection (Wegovy®) in different randomized groups. The study involves a single-dose administration and includes several cohorts receiving various combinations of the nasal spray and placebo or the injection. Treatments are given once, and the study monitors the participants for up to 36 days after administration to assess drug levels and effects. During the study, participants will undergo various evaluations including blood tests, vital signs monitoring, physical examinations, electrocardiograms (ECGs), and urine analyses from Day 1 to Day 36. Researchers will measure how much of the drug reaches the blood, how long it stays, and any side effects that occur. Antibody levels against the drug will also be checked up to Day 29. Participants will be closely monitored for any safety concerns throughout the study period.

Researchers are evaluating enicepatide, a drug that acts on two receptors related to blood sugar and weight control, for its effects on weight management in people with obesity or overweight who also have Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This Phase III study compares multiple doses of enicepatide to a placebo to assess both effectiveness and safety over a long period. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of four groups: three different dosing regimens of enicepatide or a placebo. Both enicepatide and placebo are given once weekly using an integrated drug-device combination product. The study uses a double-blind design, so neither participants nor researchers know who receives the active drug or placebo. Treatment lasts for 72 weeks, allowing detailed assessment of changes over time. Throughout the study, participants will regularly have their body weight measured to track percentage change from baseline, along with many other health indicators including blood sugar levels, cholesterol, blood pressure, and quality of life surveys. Safety will also be closely monitored through assessments of adverse events and specific health questionnaires. The total participation period extends through 72 weeks of treatment and follow-up to observe long-term effects.

Researchers are evaluating the effects of enicepatide, a dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist, for weight management in adults with obesity or overweight who do not have Type 2 diabetes. This Phase III trial aims to assess the safety and effectiveness of multiple doses of enicepatide compared with placebo, focusing on body weight changes and related health outcomes. The study is sponsored by Hoffmann-La Roche and targets participants with specific body mass index criteria and weight-related health conditions. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of four groups: three different dosing regimens of enicepatide or a placebo. Both enicepatide and placebo are given once weekly using an integrated drug-device combination product. The treatment period lasts 72 weeks, during which the participants receive regular doses as per their assigned group. Throughout the study, participants will be monitored for changes in body weight, waist circumference, blood sugar levels, cholesterol, blood pressure, and quality of life measures. Assessments include physical exams, questionnaires, and imaging such as MRI to measure body composition. Safety is closely tracked through adverse event reporting and mental health assessments. The total participation duration extends through the 72-week treatment and evaluation period, with detailed follow-up on various health indicators.