Diabetes Mellitus

Researchers are evaluating erectile function changes in male patients who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for either a heart attack or stable angina. The study aims to understand how myocardial infarction affects erectile function over time and to explore whether erectile dysfunction can predict future cardiac events. This observational study compares erectile function between patients with myocardial infarction and those with stable angina using standardized questionnaires. Participants are grouped into two sets: those treated with PCI after a heart attack and those treated due to stable angina. Erectile function is assessed at baseline (after recovery from PCI), and at 3 and 6 months post-procedure using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire. Additional assessments include the Beck Depression Inventory and Fear of Cardiac Recurrence and Progression Scale. Researchers also collect clinical data such as cardiac vessel scores, ejection fraction, testosterone levels, body measurements, medication use, and the intervention method. During the study, male participants aged 30 to 75 will complete face-to-face interviews and questionnaires at specified intervals: baseline, 3 months, and 6 months after PCI. The study measures changes in erectile function scores over time and examines associations with cardiac health, depression, and anxiety symptoms. Safety and participation are monitored throughout the follow-up period. The total duration of involvement is up to 6 months, with evaluations focusing on erectile function and related health parameters.

Researchers are investigating whether a multifactorial lifestyle intervention involving a Mediterranean diet with reduced calories and increased physical activity can help middle-aged adults (30-50 years) with metabolic syndrome lose weight and maintain that weight loss over time. The study also aims to understand the social and demographic challenges people face in sticking to these healthy habits and to examine the lifestyle patterns of this group. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group will follow general lifestyle recommendations from primary healthcare providers, while the other will receive an intensive program that includes monthly individual and group sessions over 6 months to encourage a Mediterranean diet with 25% fewer calories and physical activity based on WHO guidelines. The goal for the intervention group is to reduce their initial weight by 5-10% within 6 months and maintain this loss after 12 months. Throughout the study, participants will undergo assessments including measurements of weight, waist size, blood sugar, triglycerides, and glycated hemoglobin to monitor changes in their health. Data on demographics, diet, clinical parameters, and laboratory tests will be collected. After the 6-month intervention, a follow-up at 12 months will evaluate how well participants maintain their lifestyle changes. The study emphasizes tracking adherence and identifying factors that help or hinder long-term weight loss maintenance.

This research aims to understand if sexual activity affects the risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) in adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes who use insulin therapy and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Sexual health is important but often overlooked in diabetes care, and fear of hypoglycemia during or after sexual activity may reduce quality of life. The study addresses this gap using new remote monitoring technology to study glucose changes related to sexual activity. Participants will use CGM systems like LibreView or Dexcom Clarity to track glucose levels during and up to 6 hours after sexual activity, which they mark in their CGM app using a neutral symbol. The study is observational with no assigned treatments; participants continue their usual insulin therapy and self-management. Each person will be observed for 3 months, comparing glucose data from sexual activity days to days without sexual activity. During the study, researchers will collect glucose data remotely and receive basic clinical information from healthcare providers. They will analyze the proportion of sexual activity episodes linked to hypoglycemia and compare frequency and mean glucose levels on days with and without sexual activity. Participants' data are anonymized and securely handled. The study hopes to help reduce patient fears and guide future recommendations for safe sexual activity with insulin therapy.

Researchers are evaluating an AI-assisted digital health tool called the "Smart family doctor" to improve control of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia in adults who have undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study uses a randomized controlled design involving about 536 participants across 5-10 hospitals. Participants must be adults aged 18 or older with a history of CABG or PCI and the specified conditions. Participants in the experimental group will use the AI-assisted "Smart family doctor" app that provides personalized health education, targeted guidance on managing blood pressure, blood sugar, medication adherence, exercise, and smoking cessation. They will also receive tailored reminders and can report self-measured health data for feedback. Both groups receive weekly 3-hour health management guidance from health managers, and participants will wear a smart band daily for health data collection during the 6-month study period. Throughout the study, participants will be assessed for control rates of hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia at 6 months. Additional measures include blood pressure, cholesterol levels, blood glucose, physical activity, quality of life, psychological status, and cognitive function. The study monitors health data continuously via smart bands and collects self-reports and clinical assessments to evaluate the intervention's impact over the 6 months.

This research investigates the relationship between serum levels of statins and SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) when used together in patients with ischemic heart failure. The study aims to understand how these drugs affect cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglyceride levels over time. Conducted by Fayoum University's Department of Cardiology, this prospective study involves 90 outpatient participants diagnosed with ischemic heart disease. Participants are divided into three groups of 30 each: one group takes statins, another takes SGLT2i, and the third group takes both medications. Blood samples are collected at the start and after three months to measure serum statin and plasma SGLT2i levels using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Researchers monitor the impact of each drug on the other and track changes in lipid profiles and any adverse effects. During the study, patients provide informed consent and attend scheduled visits for blood sampling and laboratory tests. The main outcome is to evaluate the combined effect of statin and SGLT2i therapy on ischemic heart disease after three months. Safety and side effects are also observed. The study spans from April to July 2024, ensuring detailed monitoring of participants' responses to the treatments.

Researchers are evaluating the PILI 'Aina project to improve the management of common diet-related cardiometabolic diseases like type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemias, and obesity among Native Hawaiian adults. This project aims to reduce risk factors for new diet-related illnesses by promoting traditional Native Hawaiian diets and improving social cohesion. The study focuses on adapting and testing an evidence-based multilevel intervention called PILI 'Aina to optimize its effectiveness and sustainability. The study involves a community-level component called 'Ai Pono, which includes quarterly hands-on cooking demonstrations and cultural lessons held over five years, for a total of 36 events. Each 2-hour event features cooking demonstrations, tastings, and education about the cultural importance of traditional foods like sweet potato, breadfruit, and kalo. These lessons aim to improve family and community eating environments and social cohesion. Attendance is limited to 30 people per event, with priority given to new participants after the first lesson. Participants will be surveyed at each event to assess their reactions, fruit and vegetable intake, confidence in healthy eating, and feelings of community support. Additionally, random samples of households in participating homesteads will be surveyed annually to measure family environment, nutrition environment, social cohesion, diet self-efficacy, food literacy, and social support. These assessments will occur at baseline and yearly for four years, helping researchers evaluate the impact and sustainability of the intervention over time.

This research aims to compare the effectiveness of monitoring blood sugar levels at 1 hour versus 2 hours after meals in pregnant women diagnosed with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus who require treatment. The study focuses on understanding which monitoring time better supports managing blood sugar during pregnancy to improve outcomes for both mother and baby. Participants are pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic and are treated with metformin, insulin, or a combination. Participants will be randomly assigned to monitor their blood sugar either 1 hour or 2 hours after meals using self-monitoring of capillary blood glucose. Their blood sugar is tracked at seven staggered points to provide a detailed profile. This monitoring continues until delivery, with participants followed regularly in the research clinic. Throughout the study, women will have regular visits to assess their health and that of their baby. Researchers will collect data on mode of delivery, gestational age at birth, and fetal weight. They will also monitor maternal and perinatal complications from randomization to delivery. The total participation lasts from enrollment until the birth of the baby, allowing detailed observation of pregnancy outcomes related to the glucose monitoring method.

Researchers are evaluating whether taking tirzepatide before bariatric surgery can improve health outcomes for people with obesity and related medical conditions. This study aims to see if tirzepatide reduces inflammation in tissues and blood before surgery and how these changes relate to weight loss, metabolic improvements, and fewer complications after surgery. The trial is a Phase 4 interventional study comparing patients who take tirzepatide with those who do not before their planned surgery. Participants who are assigned to the tirzepatide group will self-inject 2.5 mg of tirzepatide once weekly for three months before surgery, following dose escalation instructions if needed. Both groups will receive education on dietary and lifestyle changes. During the three months before surgery, participants will visit the endocrine clinic monthly for drug prescription and side effect monitoring. The study continues through the surgery and post-surgery follow-up periods. Throughout the study, participants will keep a diary of drug use and side effects, and researchers will measure inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor, leptin, adiponectin, and RAAS at baseline, three months after drug use, and several times after surgery. Weight, blood pressure, blood sugar, cholesterol, and surgical complications will also be tracked up to one year after surgery. Participant involvement includes regular clinic visits, lab tests, and monitoring to assess the impact of tirzepatide on surgical outcomes and inflammation.

Researchers are investigating how the overall daily movement patterns of adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affect their health. This observational study compares 124 adults with T2DM to 124 healthy adults over two years to explore how behaviors like sleep, sedentary time, and different levels of physical activity together influence diabetes-related health markers. The study aims to understand these patterns combined with personal and environmental factors to help design future interventions. Participants will not receive any treatment or intervention as part of this study. Instead, data will be collected at three time points: at the start, after one year, and after two years. The study groups include adults diagnosed with T2DM and a control group without diabetes. The focus is on observing and recording movement behaviors and health indicators without altering participants' usual lifestyles. During the study, researchers will monitor changes in 24-hour movement behavior patterns and assess various health measures such as blood sugar control (HbA1c), cholesterol levels, insulin, glucose, body mass index, waist size, blood pressure, and other metabolic markers. These assessments will be made at baseline, one year, and two years. Participants will be followed closely to track how their daily activity and health evolve over time, helping to inform future health recommendations for people with T2DM.

This research aims to understand how daily movement patterns affect glucose control in adults aged 25 to 50 with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Despite the use of continuous glucose monitors, managing blood sugar levels remains challenging, and this study focuses on the combined impact of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep on glucose stability and cardiometabolic health markers. Participants will wear an Actigraph accelerometer for 14 consecutive days to track their 24-hour movement behaviors. Alongside, they will use their own continuous glucose monitor to provide daily glucose data. Additional information will be collected through an online questionnaire, a food diary, and a single visit to a study center for measurements such as blood pressure, weight, and waist and hip circumference. During the study, researchers will evaluate glucose control through measures like time in range and coefficient of variation, as well as cardiometabolic health markers including blood pressure and cholesterol levels. The study is observational and will gather data over approximately one year to inform future interventions that support healthy daily movement behaviors in adults with T1DM.