Fibrocystic Breast Disease

Researchers are evaluating the diagnostic performance of two PET tracers, 18F-FDG and 68Ga-FAPI-46, in female patients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. This pilot study focuses on patients with locally advanced, recurrent, or metastatic breast cancer and aims to determine if 68Ga-FAPI-46 detects more lesions than 18F-FDG, potentially leading to more accurate staging and treatment decisions. The study is sponsored by Maastricht University Medical Center and is conducted as a Phase 2 interventional trial. All participants will undergo an additional 68Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT and PET/MRI scan before starting breast cancer treatment. These imaging exams will be performed within 20 working days from diagnosis and alongside the standard 18F-FDG PET/CT or PET/MRI scans. The study focuses on comparing these two diagnostic tracers' accuracy in detecting cancer lesions in ER+ breast cancer patients. Participants will be followed from diagnosis until both PET exams are completed. The researchers will collect data to help calculate sample size for future studies and explore the feasibility of taking biopsies from lesions identified by the new tracer. Safety and ability to complete imaging procedures will be monitored. The total participation duration covers the time needed to conduct both imaging exams and any related assessments.

Researchers are investigating whether touch sensation can be restored to the breast after mastectomy using neural stimulation. This trial aims to gather information to guide future studies on the safety, effectiveness, and acceptability of this approach. The study focuses on women undergoing bilateral mastectomy with two-stage reconstruction for certain types of breast cancer or breast cancer risk reduction. Participants will receive a small medical device called the Bionic Breast implant, temporarily placed in one breast during the mastectomy. This device sends tiny electrical currents to nerves to create sensory stimulation in response to touch or pressure. The device will later be removed, and the study will assess the sensations produced by the stimulation. During the study, participants will complete psychophysical tasks seven months after mastectomy, implantation, and device removal to evaluate sensation and stimulation levels. Researchers will measure outcomes such as stimulation intensity, ability to distinguish different stimuli, and mapping of sensation areas. Participants will be monitored throughout for safety and adherence, with the total study duration spanning several months post-surgery.

Researchers are evaluating a new approach to eliminate minimal residual disease (MRD) in patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) that remains after multiple treatments. This aggressive cancer type often leads to lethal metastatic disease within 2 years, especially in patients without a complete tumor response after initial chemotherapy. The study aims to improve survival and cure rates by addressing residual cancer cells despite surgery and chemotherapy. The study has two phases. Phase I involves patients with metastatic TNBC or hormone-resistant, HER2/neu-negative breast cancer receiving escalating doses of sarilumab combined with capecitabine chemotherapy. Sarilumab is given subcutaneously every 3 weeks alongside capecitabine taken twice daily for 14 days in 21-day cycles. Phase II includes patients with stage I to III TNBC with residual disease after neoadjuvant therapy, treated with a combination of sarilumab and capecitabine compared to historical controls receiving capecitabine alone. A parallel baseline arm receives standard capecitabine alone. Blood samples and optional bone marrow samples are collected during treatment. Participants will be monitored through blood tests and other evaluations during treatment cycles lasting up to 14 weeks. Researchers will assess the maximum tolerated dose and dose-limiting toxicities in Phase I and measure changes in circulating and disseminated tumor cells in Phase II. The study does not include masking or randomization. Participants must meet specific health and organ function criteria and agree to contraception requirements if applicable. The total study duration varies by participant, with safety and response closely observed throughout.

Researchers are investigating a new method to improve the accuracy of locating and diagnosing tiny breast duct lesions. This retrospective cohort study compares a novel fluorescent localization needle coated with a controllable shedding quantum dot chiral nanofluorescent layer against conventional localization techniques. The study focuses on how well this innovative needle helps pathologists identify small micro lesions in breast ducts, which are typically very challenging to detect due to their size. The study evaluates two groups: one where patients received breast duct excision surgery using the novel fluorescent localization marker needle, and another using conventional localization needles without any coating. During surgery, specimens are taken for frozen section analysis and later for detailed postoperative pathological evaluation using paraffin-embedded samples. This approach aims to compare the consistency between intraoperative and postoperative pathology results with both localization methods. Participants are female patients aged 18 to 75 years who have been diagnosed with intraductal breast lesions through ductoscopy and have undergone ductal excision. They will be monitored retrospectively, with pathological assessment concordance rates being the primary outcome measured from June to December 2025. The study will analyze how accurately each localization method helps in diagnosing breast duct micro lesions, potentially reducing missed diagnoses and the need for additional surgeries.

Researchers are investigating a new fluorescent localization needle designed with a controllable shedding quantum dot chiral nanofluorescent coating to improve the accuracy of locating and diagnosing tiny microlesions in breast ducts. This prospective, multicenter cohort study compares this innovative needle to traditional localization methods used during breast duct lesion surgeries. The goal is to assess how well this new device helps pathologists make precise diagnoses and reduce missed lesions, which are challenging due to the small size of lesions and the narrow breast ducts. The study involves two groups of patients undergoing breast ductal excision surgery. One group will have surgery using the novel fluorescent localization needle, while the other group will have surgery using conventional localization needles without any special coating. This comparison aims to evaluate the real-time localization effectiveness and pathological accuracy between the two methods. The study is planned to start in January 2026 and will continue until September 2026. Participants will be monitored from enrollment through six weeks after treatment, with researchers measuring the agreement rates between intraoperative rapid pathology and postoperative pathology results. The trial includes various assessments to ensure accurate sampling and localization of microlesions. Safety and adherence to study protocols will also be monitored throughout the treatment period. The study is sponsored by The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University and involves female patients aged 18 to 75 years scheduled for duct excision surgery.

Researchers are examining why people have different risks and outcomes for breast cancer and related breast diseases. This observational study focuses on a diverse population in South Florida, aiming to better understand both genomic and non-genomic factors that affect breast cancer risk and outcomes. The study is led by Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and includes men and women aged 18 years and older who visit breast radiology clinics for biopsy or as new breast patients. Participants will undergo blood collection at the start and during surgery when applicable, as well as tissue collection during surgery if possible. They will also complete surveys at baseline, after surgery, and at 1, 3, and 5 years of follow-up. The study involves participants with BIRADS scores from 0 to 5 and follows their clinical characteristics over up to five years. Throughout the study, participants will provide clinical information through surveys and biological samples to help researchers track their health outcomes. The main outcome measured is the clinical characteristics of participants obtained via surveys over five years. The study provides long-term monitoring of participants' breast health, with no intervention treatments involved, and aims to collect comprehensive data to understand breast cancer risks better.

Researchers are studying the effects of local treatment on health and daily life in people with early-stage breast cancer in China. The focus is on those with stage I to III invasive breast cancer receiving surgery and other therapies before or after surgery. The study aims to understand both short- and long-term physical, emotional, and social effects of treatment, including tiredness, sleep problems, emotional distress, pain, and changes in heart or lung function, to improve recovery and quality of life. Participants will receive local therapy with curative intent, which may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, endocrine therapy, or targeted therapy given before or after surgery. This observational study involves no experimental treatment. At the start, participants undergo clinical assessments, including heart and lung tests, lab work, and collection of blood and tissue samples. They also complete questionnaires about symptoms and well-being at multiple time points over five years. During the study, participants will complete surveys about their physical symptoms, emotional health, and quality of life at baseline, one week, one month, three months, six months, one year, and then annually up to five years. Researchers will monitor treatment-related toxicities and quality of life changes through these patient-reported outcomes. The study uses electronic data collection with quality checks to ensure accurate and consistent information for analysis and future research.

Researchers are investigating the use of a new device called the Z-scanner to measure permittivity, which is how well breast tissue stores electrical energy. This observational study focuses on breast cancer and benign breast disease in women, aiming to distinguish healthy, benign, and cancerous breast tissues based on permittivity values. The study also evaluates how consistent and reliable the Z-scanner's measurements are across different users and hardware. The study consists of two parts: Part A will recruit 20 healthy women to test the repeatability and reproducibility of the Z-scanner's measurements, while Part B will include 70 women with either benign or malignant breast lesions to assess the device's ability to differentiate these from healthy tissue. All participants will have both breasts scanned using the Z-scanner during their routine clinic appointments, with multiple scans performed in Part A to verify consistency. Participants will be involved during their regular breast clinic visits, where they will undergo non-invasive scans with the Z-scanner. The researchers will measure complex permittivity values of breast tissue and analyze contrast ratios between lesions and surrounding tissue. The study will monitor these outcomes from January to November 2024. Results will help understand the potential role of permittivity and the Z-scanner in breast cancer detection. The total participation involves a single scan session during routine care, with no long-term follow-up specified.

Researchers are evaluating the use of the ATUSA 3D Automated Breast Ultrasound system in women who have suspicious breast findings classified as BI-RADS 4 or 5 and are referred for biopsy. This observational study aims to gather detailed breast imaging data alongside biopsy results to create a comprehensive registry. The study also follows a subset of participants receiving neoadjuvant therapy to monitor treatment response and tumor volume changes. The study uses the FDA-cleared ATUSA device, which includes a portable ultrasound scanner, a wearable positioning accessory, and software to acquire 3D breast images. Imaging with this system is performed for data collection only and does not influence clinical care, which proceeds according to standard practice. The registry collects multimodal breast images and medical record information over the study period. Participants will undergo ATUSA imaging and other breast imaging exams, with data collected from enrollment through approximately 180 days. Satisfaction questionnaires are completed on the day of ATUSA imaging. Researchers will track the number and types of imaging exams, participant and operator satisfaction, and any adverse events related to the ATUSA system. Follow-up includes monitoring for safety events for up to seven days after imaging. The total participation duration varies but includes imaging and data collection over several months.

Researchers are evaluating the use of Targeted Sentinel Node Biopsy (TSNB) in patients with breast cancer who have limited nodal disease and are undergoing primary surgery. The study focuses on patients with T1 or T2 tumors and biopsy-confirmed nodal metastases with up to two abnormal nodes on axillary ultrasound. The goal is to audit surgical outcomes of TSNB and compare them with outcomes from sentinel node biopsy and targeted axillary dissection after chemotherapy, assessing arm lymphoedema and disease progression over time. The intervention involves performing TSNB using either a dual- or single-tracer technique in line with protocols from the ongoing ATNEC trial. The marked biopsy-positive node and at least three nodes are removed during surgery. Node marking techniques may include clips, black dye, magnetic seeds, or reflectors, with the timing of marking either at biopsy or a separate visit. Axillary treatment after TSNB is determined by local multidisciplinary teams based on findings. Participants will be monitored for up to 60 months, with regular assessments including histology to identify nodal macrometastases, identification rates of the marked node, false negative rates of TSNB, and arm lymphoedema. Secondary outcomes include rates of axillary, regional, and local recurrence, disease-free survival, and overall survival. This long-term follow-up will help benchmark TSNB outcomes against previous trials and provide data on surgical morbidity and disease control.