Leukemia

Survival rates from Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have improved dramatically over the past four decades but vary significantly with age. Children treated on modern protocols have survival rates exceeding 90%. Although the remarkable progress made in the treatment of B-Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) in children and, with less efficacy, in adults, several ALL subtypes continue to have a poor prognosis and in a proportion of long-term surviving patients, treatment is responsible for short and long-term toxicities. Consequently, there is a need in improving the molecular dissection of subtypes, identifying genetic alterations that predict the risk of treatment failure and developing novel and targeted therapies. B-ALL patients that doesn't have the most recurrent adult rearrangements (breakpoint cluster region (BCR) - Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 (ABL1) t(9;22); Transcription Factor 3 (TCF3) - Pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 1(PBX1) t(1;19); mixed-lineage leukemia 1 (MLL) - ALL1-fused gene from chromosome 4 (AF4) t(4;11)) are collectively referred to as triple negative (Ph-/-/-) ALL (that represents 61% of adult B-ALL; Roberts KG, J Clinical Oncology 2016). Triple negative ALL is a heterogeneous group of patients; most of these patients have a poor prognosis and miss a target therapy. In the last few years the role of CRLF2 (cytokine receptor-like factor 2; a type I cytokine receptor) gene have become pivotal in ALL, both in adult and paediatric patients. In the last few years the role of CRLF2 (cytokine receptor-like factor 2; a type I cytokine receptor) gene have become pivotal in ALL, both in adult and paediatric patients. CRLF2 is frequently altered in adult B-ALL, especially in Ph-like pts (50-75% of cases) and in Down syndrome ALL (50% to 55%). Alterations that lead, in the majority of cases, to a CRLF2 overexpression. Adult pts with upregulated CRLF2 have poor outcome and novel strategies are needed to improve it. It is a multicenter, non-interventional, non pharmacological, translational, prospective study. Any decision about drug administration is made by the physician based on his clinical judgment in the context of clinical practice, independently from the decision to include the patient in the study. The primary objective is the biological characterization of Ph-/-/- ALL, considering CRLF2 overexpression event, in order to define cluster of patients and to assess biomarkers in this subgroup to test new drugs. The secondary objective is to evaluate if the cytofluorimetric assay - developed on the basis of preliminary data - may be used to detect triple negative subgroups, to provide a rapid, simple and economically viable diagnostic tool to recognize these cases at presentation. About 60 patients affected by primary or secondary ALL will be enrolled at diagnosis and/or relapse/s. Patients will be asked to donate part of the Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow samples, collected according to clinical practice for the management of their disease, for the purposes of this study. A saliva sample will be collected from each patients. Clinical data will be collected in a study dedicated database. The total duration of the study is 36 months.

This is an open-label, two-part Phase 2 study investigating CGT9486 for the treatment of patients with Advanced Systemic Mastocytosis (AdvSM), including patients with Aggressive SM (ASM), SM with Associated Hematologic Neoplasm (SM-AHN), and Mast Cell Leukemia (MCL).

18F-FDG PET imaging based on the principle of glucose metabolism imaging is currently dominant in the staging and efficacy evaluation of lymphoma, but it is not suitable for a wider range of hematological tumors. Chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR-4) is a G protein-coupled receptor, which is overexpressed in a variety of hematological malignancies (MM, leukemia, lymphoma, etc.). It promotes tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, drug resistance, immune escape, and is associated with poor prognosis of tumors. 18Fluorine18 (18F)-NOTA-Pentixafor (18f-pentixafor) is a novel specific molecular probe targeting CXCR-4. Compared with 68Ga-Pentixafor, 18f-pentixafor has a longer half-life. More patients can be used in one synthesis, and the image quality is better and the spatial resolution is higher. Patients can undergo PET at 1 h after injection without special preparation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of 18F-Pentixafor PET imaging in the diagnosis, staging, and response evaluation of hematological malignancies. Patients with suspected or histologically confirmed hematological malignancies will be enrolled in this study.

OUTLINE: This is a dose-escalation study of 211\^At-BC8-B10. Patients receive 211\^At-BC8-B10 intravenously (IV) over 6-8 hours on day -7 and may receive 131\^I-BC8-B10 IV on day -7 and fludarabine phosphate IV over 30 minutes on days -4, -3 and -2. Patients undergo TBI and peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplant on day 0. Patients also receive cyclosporine orally (PO) or IV every 12 hours on days -3 to 56 and then tapered to day 180 (for patients with related donors), or continuing to day 96 and then tapered to day 150 (for patients with unrelated donors). Patients receive mycophenolate mofetil PO or IV (first dose to occur 4-6 hours after PBSC infusion) every 12 hours on days 0-27 (for patients with related donors) or every 8 hours on day 0 and then reduced to every 12 hours on days 30-150 then tapered to day 180 (for patients with unrelated donors). Patients may undergo single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), bone marrow aspirate sample and blood sample collection on study. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up at 100 days and then at 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months.

OUTLINE: This is a dose-escalation study of astatine At 211 anti-CD45 monoclonal antibody BC8-B10. PREPARATIVE REGIMEN: Patients receive astatine At 211 anti-CD45 monoclonal antibody BC8-B10 infusion over 6-8 hours on day -8, fludarabine intravenously (IV) over 30 minutes on days -6 to -2, and cyclophosphamide IV over 1 hour on days -6 and -5. Patients also undergo TBI on day -1. TRANSPLANT: Patients undergo peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) or bone marrow transplant on day 0. GVHD PROPHYLAXIS: Patients receive cyclophosphamide IV over 1-2 hours on days 3-4, mycophenolate mofetil IV or PO three times daily (TID) on days 5-35, and tacrolimus IV over 1-2 hours (changed to PO once tolerated) on days 5-180 with taper beginning on day 84 per physician discretion. Patients also begin granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) IV or subcutaneously (SC) on day 5 to continue until absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \> 1000/mm\^3 x 3 days. Patients undergo bone marrow biopsy and aspiration and blood sample collection throughout the study. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up at day 100, and at 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. Describe toxicities attributable to actinium Ac 225-DOTA-daratumumab (225Ac-DOTA-anti-CD38 daratumumab) radioimmunotherapy by dose level in patients treated under this regimen. II. Determine the maximum tolerated dose/recommended phase II dose (MTD/RP2D) of 225Ac-DOTA-anti-CD38 daratumumab radioimmunotherapy with fixed doses of organ sparing TMLI (12 Gy), fludarabine and melphalan (FM100) as conditioning regimen for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for treatment of high-risk acute myeloid leukemias, acute lymphoblastic leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), in patients who are not eligible for standard myeloablative regimens. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. Evaluate the safety of the regimen, at each dose level, by assessing the following: Ia. Type, frequency, severity, attribution, time course and duration of adverse events, including acute/chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), infection and delayed engraftment. II. Estimate overall survival (OS), event-free survival (EFS), GVHD relapse free survival (GRFS), cumulative incidence (CI) of relapse/progression, and non-relapse mortality (NRM) at 100 days, 1 year and 2 years. III. Describe biodistribution, pharmacokinetics and organ dosimetry of 225Ac-DOTA-daratumumab. OUTLINE: This is a dose escalation of actinium Ac 225-DOTA-Daratumumab in combination with fludarabine, melphalan and TMLI. Patients receive daratumumab intravenously (IV) over 45 minutes followed by indium In 111-DOTA-daratumumab IV over 15 minutes and actinium Ac 225-DOTA-daratumumab IV over \~20-40 minutes on day -15. Patients receive TMLI twice daily (BID) on days -8 to -5, fludarabine IV on days -4 to -2 and melphalan IV on day -2, followed by HCT on day 0. Patients receive GVHD prophylaxis with sirolimus and tacrolimus starting on day -1. Patients also undergo computed tomography (CT) during screening, nuclear scan and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scans on study, bone marrow biopsy and aspiration, echocardiography, or multigated acquisition scan (MUGA), and blood sample collection during screening and throughout study. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up twice weekly for the first 100 days post-transplant, then twice monthly up to 6 months post-transplant followed by monthly until discontinuation of immunosuppressive therapy without evidence of GVHD with at least yearly follow-up for 2 years.

OBJECTIVES: Primary * Evaluate the use of 3'-deoxy-3'-\[18F\] fluorothymidine (FLT) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to measure tumor proliferation and the DNA synthetic pathway (thymidine kinase levels) in patients with cancer. Secondary * Determine the efficacy of FLT PET imaging in detecting lesions and estimating response to treatment. OUTLINE: Patients undergo up to four 3'-deoxy-3'-\[18F\] fluorothymidine positron emission tomography imaging procedures.

This phase of the protocol (protocol part B), seeks to evaluate the new formulation in healthy normal volunteers to confirm the new formulation provides comparable human dosimetry to which was seen and published in protocol part A. Additionally, the new formulation will be studied utilizing an expanded patient population to include patients with confirmed diagnosis of multiple myeloma (MM), low-grade lymphoma, or MM and lymphoma patients who are status post bone marrow transplant (BMT) with negative imaging and suspected recurrence.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. Evaluate the safety and tolerability of a regimen combining 8-chloro-adenosine (8-Cl-Ado) and venetoclax in patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML), including type, frequency, severity, attribution, and duration of the toxicity. II. Establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of 8-Cl-Ado when given in combination with venetoclax. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. Obtain preliminary estimates of the anti-leukemia activity of the 8-Cl-Ado/venetoclax regimen by assessing the overall response rate (Complete remission\[CR\]+ complete remission with incomplete hematologic recovery \[CRi\]+ partial response \[PR\]) and complete remission rate (CR+CRi). II. Obtain preliminary estimates of duration of remission (DOR), overall survival (OS), and event-free survival (EFS). III. Determine the pharmacokinetics (PK) of plasma 8-Cl-Ado and metabolites when 8-Cl-Ado is given in combination with venetoclax. EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES: I. Evaluate PK and pharmacodynamics (PD) of VEN/8-Cl-Ado combination therapy to identify biomarkers of clinical response and resistance. II. Identify genes and pathways associated with response to VEN/8-Cl-Ado. III. Determine the metabolic consequences of VEN/8 Cl-Ado treatment on leukemia stem cells (LSCs). OUTLINE: Patients receive 8-Cl-Ado intravenously (IV) over 4 hours daily on days 1-5 and venetoclax orally (PO) once daily (QD) on days 1-28. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up at 30 days and then every 28 days for up to 1 year.

Adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) includes Ph-positive (Phpos) ALL, Ph-negative (Phneg) B-cell precursor (BCP) ALL and T-ALL/lymphoblastic lymphoma (LL), accounting for approximately 25, 50 and 25% of all cases, respectively. In younger adults, the results associated with standard therapy have markedly improved in these 3 groups, due to chemotherapy intensification in the BCP and T groups and addition of TKIs in the Phpos group, respectively. This led to reevaluate the role of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in first remission, which is generally now indicated only in higher-risk patients, mostly defined as those with persistent high levels of minimal residual disease (MRD). Nevertheless, event-free survival (EFS) remains at 60-70% at 3 years, meaning there is still room for further improvements. Fortunately, new immunotherapies have been approved to treat relapsed/refractory (R/R) BCP-ALL patients, including the anti-CD19 bispecific T-cell engager blinatumomab (BLINA, Blincyto®, Amgen). 4 BLINA is also approved for the frontline treatment of patients with persistent high measurable residual disease (MRD) levels after initial therapy (IG/TR MRD ≥0.1% (≥1.10-3 )). BLINA has been also evaluated frontline in combination with TKI in the Phpos group leading to promising outcome improvements. Toxicities associated with these combined treatments seem to be limited and manageable. In the Phpos ALL subset, the third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor ponatinib (PONA, Iclusig®, Incyte) has also been evaluated frontline with promising results when compared to 1st or even 2nd generation TKI. In the T-ALL/LL subset, anti-CD38 antibodies, approved to treat patients with multiple myeloma, are potential drugs of interest. The anti-CD38 antibody isatuximab (ISA, Sarclisa®, Immunogen, Sanofi-Aventis) is currently approved to treat myeloma patients in 2nd line. In vitro and in vivo preclinical studies suggest that CD38 is a relevant target in T-ALL and that isatuximab may be useful to eradicate residual disease in this subgroup of patients. Incorporation/combination of these new agents into frontline adult ALL therapy could allow reducing relapse incidence and prolonging survival in these patients, challenging the indication for HSCT in first complete remission (CR). The present GRAALL-2024 study is a prospective multicenter multi-country 3-cohort randomized clinical trial. The 3 cohorts are : GRAALL-2024/B : Phneg BCP-ALL GRAAPH-2024 : Phpos ALL GRAALL-2024/T : T-ALL/LL Eligible patients will be allocated to one on the 3 study cohorts during a common treatment prephase. The primary objective of the study is to improve the outcome of younger adults with ALL through optimal frontline incorporation of new antibody-based therapies, including BLINA in Phneg/pos BCP-ALL patients and ISA in T-ALL/LL patients, and to refine indication for allogeneic HSCT in first remission in Phneg/pos BCP-ALL patients.