A descriptive exploration of the geographic and sociodemographic concentration of firearm homicide in the United States, 2004-2018.
Scott R Kegler, Linda L Dahlberg, Alana M Vivolo-Kantor
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34416223/Actively Recruiting
Led by Medical University of South Carolina · Updated on 2026-04-09
220
Participants Needed
1
Research Sites
8 weeks
Total Duration
Researchers are evaluating the Turning the Tide Violence Intervention Program TTVIP, a hospital violence intervention program HVIP at a Southeastern academic trauma center. The study focuses on youth and young adults injured by community and interpersonal violence, primarily firearm injuries, in Charleston and nearby counties. It aims to understand comprehensive outcomes beyond injury recurrence, including healthcare experiences, mental health, violence risk, self-confidence, and stakeholder perspectives from patients, families, and healthcare providers. The program is integrated into routine care for patients aged 15 to 35 treated at the hospital who have experienced violent injuries or are at high risk. Participants may choose to receive services from TTVIP, which provides immediate support, communication assistance, anti-retaliation messaging, and long-term mentorship and referrals for services like education, employment, substance abuse treatment, injury recovery, housing, and mental health over up to one year. Family members and healthcare providers involved in care are also included to assess the programs broader impact. Participants will be assessed over time at enrollment and at 3, 6, and 12 months after for outcomes such as PTSD symptoms, depression, self-esteem, firearm violence risk, recovery service needs, repeat injuries, and perceptions of care quality. Surveys and assessments will also capture perceived benefits from the perspectives of patients, loved ones, and healthcare staff. The study will collect data to inform improvements and understand the programs effects in communities with high firearm violence. The research will continue until November 2027.
CONDITIONS
HVIP Outcomes and Stakeholder Insights
A
Ashley Hink, MD
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Medical University of South Carolina
Lead Sponsor
Kaiser Permanente
Collaborating Sponsor
This table compares participation in this trial with other options available for this condition. The information is drawn from published research and the trial’s study details and is provided for educational purposes only.
| Factors | Hospital-Based Violence Intervention Program (Turning the Tide, as studied) | Standard Hospital Care Without Dedicated Violence Intervention Program |
|---|---|---|
| What is it? | A hospital-based violence intervention program offering immediate bedside advocacy, anti-retaliation messaging, and ongoing wrap-around services (mentorship, recovery support, service referrals, mental health support) to violently injured patients and their loved ones, with up to 1 year of post-injury engagement. | Standard care for violently injured patients typically includes immediate medical stabilization and treatment in hospital, discharge planning, and referral to routine community or social resources, but does not provide structured, hospital-based long-term advocacy or dedicated violence intervention services. |
| Role in trial | The sole study intervention; all eligible patients and associated loved ones/caregivers are offered enrollment in the Turning the Tide violence intervention program. | Not studied in this trial; provided here for comparison as the typical care pathway in settings without hospital-based violence intervention programs. |
| Primary use | To address the immediate and long-term needs of violently injured patients, including reducing post-traumatic stress, depression, risk of repeated injury, and engagement with the criminal justice system, as well as supporting recovery and facilitating access to services. | To provide acute injury treatment, medical stabilization, and basic discharge instructions, with limited structured engagement on violence-related recovery or long-term risk reduction. |
| How is it provided? | Client advocates engage patients at the bedside after violence-related injury, offer anti-retaliation and communication support, and coordinate mentorship and wrap-around services for up to a year after hospital discharge, including connection to recovery, mental health, educational, and employment resources. | Patients receive standard trauma and medical care in hospital, followed by discharge with referrals to routine community or government services as needed, without specialized bedside advocacy or structured post-discharge follow-up. |
| Evidence status | Prior published studies of hospital-based violence intervention programs have shown improvement in some early health and social outcomes, such as reduced risk of repeat violent injury, post-traumatic stress symptoms, and criminal justice involvement. However, evidence is still emerging regarding broad effectiveness and long-term impacts. | Published evidence suggests that standard care without hospital-based violence intervention is associated with higher rates of repeat violent injury, ongoing psychosocial challenges, and less coordinated access to recovery services and advocacy. |
| Important limitations | Hospital-based violence intervention programs depend on hospital buy-in, funding stability, and community partnerships; not all patients engage long-term or have access after discharge. Evidence for reducing all long-term adverse outcomes is still developing. | Standard care does not systematically address violence-related trauma, long-term recovery, or social and mental health needs. Lack of structured intervention may contribute to persistent risk of reinjury and psychosocial harm. |
Disclaimer: This comparison is created with the help of artificial intelligence(AI) and may contain errors or missing information. It is not medical advice and does not mean one option is better or safer than another. Clinical trials are still being studied, and joining a trial is your choice. Please consult your healthcare professional before making any decisions.
You may qualify if you...
You will not qualify if you...
Duration - 2 to 4 weeks
Participants are screened for eligibility to participate in the trial.
1 visit (in-person)
Duration - Up to 1 year after injury
Participants who have experienced violent injuries receive services from the hospital violence intervention program integrated into their regular care, including immediate support, mentorship, service referrals, and mental health services for up to one year after injury.
Baseline enrollment and follow-up assessments at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months
Duration - Up to 1 year after injury
Participants' health outcomes, violence risk, mental health, and service utilization are monitored over time to assess the benefits and impact of the intervention and standard care.
Assessments at baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after enrollment
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Masking
NONE
Allocation
NA
Model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary Purpose
HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
Number of Arms
1
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Lead Sponsor
Kaiser Permanente
Collaborating Sponsor