Dundowran

This research aims to evaluate whether lowering blood phosphate levels in people with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) who are on dialysis can reduce the risk of death or major heart-related events compared to maintaining higher phosphate levels. The study also looks at whether lowering phosphate improves physical health, fatigue, quality of life, patient satisfaction, and itching, as well as whether it is cost-effective. Hyperphosphatemia, or high phosphate in the blood, is common in ESKD and linked to higher death risk, but there is no strong trial evidence that lowering phosphate improves important patient outcomes. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: an intensive phosphate target group aiming to keep serum phosphate at or below 1.50 mmol/L using phosphate-lowering medications, or a liberal phosphate target group aiming for a higher phosphate range of 2.0 to 2.5 mmol/L. In the liberal group, all phosphate-lowering drugs at baseline will be stopped and only restarted if phosphate rises above 2.5 mmol/L. Medication choice and doses will be based on physicians' and participants' decisions to meet target levels. The trial is multinational and will include 3600 adults on dialysis. During the study, researchers will track major outcomes including cardiovascular death or serious heart and artery events over 5 years. They will also assess physical health, quality of life using the EQ5D-5L questionnaire, fatigue, itching, and overall survival. The study involves monitoring serum phosphate levels and medication use, and measuring cost-effectiveness of the treatment strategies. Participants will be followed closely to understand the safety and impact of the phosphate targets on their health and well-being.

Researchers are studying how coronary artery plaque develops and changes over time in people with melanoma who have been treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). This prospective observational study aims to understand the natural progression of coronary atherosclerosis in this group. The study is being conducted at various sites across Australia and focuses on adults aged 40 years and older with melanoma at any stage who have received or are planned to receive ICI treatment. Participants will be monitored primarily for 18 months to assess the burden and composition of coronary plaque. The study involves imaging assessments, specifically coronary computed tomography angiography (CTCA), to evaluate the state of coronary arteries. No investigational treatments are administered as this is an observational study focusing on natural disease progression. During the study, participants will undergo follow-up CTCA scans and other assessments to monitor coronary artery health. Researchers will collect data on coronary plaque characteristics and progression while monitoring the participants' adherence to the protocol over the study duration. Safety and eligibility will be continuously assessed, and participants may be followed for up to 18 months to understand long-term outcomes related to coronary atherosclerosis in melanoma patients treated with ICIs.