Douala

Researchers are investigating why some HIV-infected children treated early with antiretroviral therapy in the ANRS 12225-Pediacam III cohort in Cameroon show negative results on immunoenzymatic (EIA) serology tests. The study explores possible factors including immune system response, viral load, and genetic markers like HLA phenotype and KIR genotypes that might influence this unusual serological outcome. The study has two phases: a retrospective case-control phase using existing data and blood samples collected during early infection, after vaccination, and at two years; and a prospective cross-sectional phase using a specially created biobank for new measurements. Blood samples from children in the Pediacam III cohort will be analyzed to assess immune responses, viral levels, and genetic factors. Participants will undergo blood sampling for laboratory tests measuring pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines over 18 months. Researchers will review previous data and samples to compare children with negative and positive HIV serology and viral load levels. Consent and assent procedures are in place, and children will be monitored as part of the cohort with matched controls based on birth timing and gestational age.