Maisons Alfort

Antimicrobial resistance AMR is a widespread global health problem affecting humans, animals, and the environment. This research investigates how AMR, particularly resistant bacteria to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and carbapenems, spreads between humans and companion animals like dogs. The study focuses on the potential risk for humans living with pets to acquire these resistant bacteria, using a multidisciplinary approach including epidemiology, ecology, genomics, microbiota studies, modeling, and social sciences. Participants are members of households that own a dog recorded for surgery at the National Veterinary School. The study involves collecting human stool samples six times over a 90-day period alongside questionnaires, and conducting interviews or ethnographic observations with some volunteers. These activities aim to track the transmission and changes in AMR and microbiota between dogs and their owners over three months. Throughout the study, researchers will monitor rates of AMR acquisition in household members and changes in both dog and human microbiota. Sociological factors and behaviors that may increase AMR transmission risk will also be explored through interviews and observations. The main outcome is to generate a list of priorities to prevent and control AMR spread between companion animals and humans, with the total follow-up lasting 90 days.

The trial investigates the impact of different antibiotic treatments on the digestive tract colonization by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae E-ESBL in children with febrile urinary tract infections UTIs. E-ESBL bacteria are a significant public health concern due to their resistance to many antibiotics. This research compares the emergence of E-ESBL strains in stools following treatment with either intravenous amikacin or other recommended antibiotics like ceftriaxone or cefixime in young children. Participants receive treatment for febrile UTIs with either amikacin given intravenously or with usual antibiotics such as intravenous or intramuscular ceftriaxone or oral cefixime. Before starting antibiotics, an anorectal swab is taken to check for E-ESBL colonization. A follow-up swab is performed three to four days after starting treatment to assess changes in bacterial presence. Children are monitored for the presence and type of E-ESBL bacteria in their stools four days after treatment begins. Researchers also track antibiotic resistance patterns, fever resolution, side effects related to antibiotic use, and the rate of UTI relapse over one and a half months. Participation involves stool sampling and clinical evaluations during the treatment period, with the study expected to complete by mid-2026.