Maisons Alfort

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a complex global health issue that affects humans, animals, and the environment. This research focuses on the risk of AMR spreading between companion animals like dogs and their owners, particularly looking at resistant bacteria such as Enterobacteria resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and carbapenems. The study aims to better understand how AMR transfers between pets and humans, considering that many households have dogs or cats and that antibiotic use in pets is increasing. Participants will provide human stool samples six times over 90 days, specifically on days 1, 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90, accompanied by questionnaires at the same times. Additionally, a smaller group of 50 volunteers will take part in interviews and ethnographic observations to gain deeper insights. These activities will help explore how AMR spreads, persists, and evolves between humans, animals, and their shared environments. Throughout the 90-day follow-up, researchers will collect detailed data including stool samples and questionnaire responses to monitor AMR presence and transmission. The study also involves social science methods to understand behaviors and interactions that may influence AMR spread. The main goal is to create a list of priorities for future prevention and control strategies to reduce AMR transmission between companion animals and humans.

The emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (E-ESBL) is an important public health concern, especially in children with urinary tract infections (UTIs). These bacteria can lead to increased use of penem antibiotics, which may cause resistant strains. This study evaluates the effects of different antibiotic treatments on the presence of E-ESBL in the digestive tract of children aged 3 months to under 3 years who have febrile UTIs. The goal is to compare the impact of intravenous amikacin versus intravenous or intramuscular ceftriaxone or oral cefixime on the emergence of these bacteria in stools. Participants receive one of the antibiotic treatments as monotherapy: amikacin given intravenously, ceftriaxone administered either intravenously or intramuscularly, or cefixime taken orally. Before starting treatment, an anorectal swab is collected to check for E-ESBL bacteria, and a second swab is taken three to four days after beginning the antibiotic therapy to monitor any changes. During the study, children are monitored for the presence of E-ESBL in their stools on day 4 through these swabs. Parents provide consent and confirm their understanding of the study information. The study measures the bacterial carriage in the digestive tract after treatment and ensures safety by excluding children currently hospitalized or on multiple antibiotics. The participation duration aligns with the timing of these assessments.