Ohringen

This research aims to assess how satisfied people with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) are after receiving subcutaneous (under the skin) injections of ocrelizumab over a period of 12 months. The study focuses on participants diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS (RMS) or primary progressive MS (PPMS) according to 2017 McDonald criteria, who are starting ocrelizumab treatment for the first time. The main goal is to understand participant satisfaction using a special questionnaire designed for subcutaneous therapy administration. Participants will receive ocrelizumab as an injection under the skin, with the exact dosing and schedule determined by their treating physician following local medical guidelines. This observational study does not change standard care but monitors patients throughout their treatment with ocrelizumab. During the study, participants will complete the Therapy Administration Satisfaction Questionnaire for subcutaneous treatment after 12 months to measure their satisfaction. Researchers will also observe and record any relevant clinical information. The total study duration for each participant is 12 months, during which their experience and outcomes with ocrelizumab are carefully tracked.

Researchers are evaluating the effects of two different default dialysate sodium concentrations, 137 mmol/l and 140 mmol/l, on major cardiovascular events and death in adults receiving maintenance haemodialysis. This pragmatic, cluster-randomised, open-label study takes place in real-world dialysis sites and aims to compare the outcomes associated with these sodium levels over an extended period. The study focuses on patients with end-stage kidney disease undergoing regular haemodialysis treatment. Dialysis sites are randomly assigned to use either a default dialysate sodium concentration of 137 mmol/l or 140 mmol/l for at least 90% of dialysis sessions at that site. All other care practices continue as usual based on local standards. The study plans to recruit sites over 5 to 7 years, with individual follow-up lasting roughly 2 to 5 years. Site participation requires consent, while individual patient consent may be waived or offered an opt-out option. Participants will be monitored for major cardiovascular events and death, with the primary outcome measuring the time until the first such event occurs. Data collection methods are implemented across participating dialysis units, focusing only on in-center or satellite dialysis patients where applicable. The study's duration depends on the occurrence of endpoints, with an average follow-up of about 5 years anticipated per participant.