Jamshedpur

Researchers are evaluating the effect of a single intravenous dose of magnesium sulfate on postoperative pain control in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This randomized controlled trial aims to see if magnesium sulfate can reduce morphine use and its side effects after surgery. The study involves adults aged 18 to 65, classified as ASA physical status I or II, scheduled for elective laparoscopic gallbladder removal. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either 30 mgkg of intravenous magnesium sulfate diluted in 100 ml of normal saline or an equivalent volume of normal saline as a placebo at the start of anesthesia. Both groups will also receive standard multimodal pain relief with intravenous diclofenac and paracetamol at the time the surgical ports are closed. Rescue morphine will be given if pain reaches a certain level. The study monitors pain levels, timing of analgesic use, hemodynamic responses, and any adverse events during and after surgery. During the 24 hours following surgery, patients will be closely observed for total morphine consumption and pain scores using the Visual Analogue Scale. Researchers will also track the time until rescue pain medication is required and monitor vital signs to assess safety. Data analysis will compare the magnesium and placebo groups to determine any differences in pain control and side effects. The total participation time covers the intraoperative period and 24 hours post-operation.

Researchers are evaluating the impact of two different default dialysate sodium concentrations on major cardiovascular events and death in adults receiving maintenance haemodialysis for end-stage kidney disease. This pragmatic, cluster-randomised, open-label Phase 4 study compares sodium levels of 137 mmoll and 140 mmoll in real-world dialysis settings across multiple sites globally. Dialysis sites will be randomly assigned to use either a default dialysate sodium concentration of 137 mmoll or 140 mmoll for at least 90% of dialysis sessions. Other aspects of patient care will follow standard local practices. Sites must consent to participate, and individual patients will provide waiver or opt-out consent. The study expects to enroll sites over 5 to 7 years, with each participant followed for approximately 2 to 5 years until the study endpoints are reached. Participants will receive dialysis at their assigned sites with the designated sodium concentration. Researchers will monitor the time to first occurrence of major cardiovascular events or death as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes include other cardiovascular events and individual components of the composite outcomes. Data collection and patient monitoring will continue throughout the study period, estimated to last around five years per participant.