Karbala

Researchers are evaluating the I-arch system to see if it helps align moderately misaligned teeth better than the MBT arch wire system. This trial aims to find out if the I-arch system increases the rate of teeth alignment, changes arch width and incisor inclination, and reduces patient-reported pain and root resorption during orthodontic treatment. The study is a randomized clinical trial with two groups. One group will receive the I-arch system using a 0.0160.014-inch copper nickel titanium arch wire, while the other group will receive the MBT arch wire system starting with a 0.014-inch heat-activated nickel titanium wire, then switching to a 0.016-inch wire after 8 weeks. Orthodontic treatment includes bonding brackets to teeth using a standardized procedure. Wires are checked and religated every four weeks. Treatment strictly follows the protocol without adding extra wires or power chains. Participants will have digital scans of their teeth at the start and every 4 weeks up to 16 weeks to measure alignment and arch width. X-rays will be taken before and after 16 weeks to assess incisor inclination and root resorption. Participants will record pain levels for seven days after the first wire placement. The study will monitor these outcomes to compare the two systems during the initial orthodontic treatment phase.

This research aims to evaluate the effects of coughing exercises and incentive spirometry IS on lung function and recovery in children aged 6 to 18 years undergoing elective cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. The study investigates how these breathing exercises influence postoperative respiratory outcomes, physical comfort, oxygen levels, and prevention of lung complications during recovery. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups coughing exercises, incentive spirometry, or standard postoperative care. Those in the coughing exercises group will perform supervised deep breathing and coughing techniques every 3 hours for 3 days after surgery. The incentive spirometry group will use a device to perform 15 slow, deep breaths every 3 hours for 3 days. The standard care group will receive routine medical and nursing care without additional respiratory exercises. Throughout the study, daily assessments will monitor vital signs, oxygen saturation, lung function using a respiratory function score at multiple time points, and recovery indicators such as feeding tolerance and mobility. Researchers will also track pulmonary complications, arterial blood gases, and length of stay in the pediatric intensive care unit to determine which method best supports lung function and faster recovery after surgery.

Open heart surgery can lead to breathing problems, reduced lung expansion, shortness of breath, and impaired heart and lung function after the operation. This research compares two breathing exercise methodssegmental breathing exercises and the active cycle breathing technique ACBTto see how they affect breathing difficulty and heart-lung measures in adults after open heart surgery. The goal is to find the most helpful breathing exercise to support recovery and reduce lung complications after surgery. Participants will be randomly placed into three groups one group will do segmental breathing exercises focused on specific lung areas, another group will perform ACBT, which includes breathing control and airway clearance techniques, and the third group will receive standard postoperative care without special breathing exercises. Exercises will be done after the breathing tube is removed, with sessions one hour and six hours after the intervention during the early recovery period. Throughout hospital stay, researchers will monitor oxygen levels, breathing rate, heart rate, and blood pressure before and after exercises. They will also assess how severe the shortness of breath is and watch for lung complications like atelectasis and pneumonia. The study aims to guide better breathing exercise choices for patients recovering from cardiac surgery and improve rehabilitation practices.

Researchers are investigating peri-implantitis, a bacterial inflammation causing bone loss and mucous membrane inflammation around dental implants. The study focuses on the role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition EMT, a process where epithelial cells change into motile mesenchymal cells. EMT markers like E-cadherin and vimentin are studied for their involvement in the breakdown of the epithelial barrier in peri-implant tissues, which may contribute to peri-implant disease progression. The study compares peri-implant tissues from two groups patients with peri-implantitis and patients with healthy implants undergoing implant surgery. Tissue samples are collected through biopsies after local anesthesia. Diseased tissue is removed from affected implant sites in the peri-implantitis group, while soft tissue around newly placed implants is sampled in the control group after a two-month healing period. The tissue samples will be analyzed for EMT markers and transcription factors. Participants undergo clinical assessments including probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing, and radiographic bone level measurements before tissue harvesting. Immunohistochemical analysis will evaluate the expression of EMT-related markers. Patients must consent and attend follow-up visits to take part. The study aims to better understand EMTs role in peri-implant disease and its effects on tissue integrity.