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Researchers are studying how the pancreas functions in adults with type 2 diabetes, focusing on both hormone production and digestive roles. The goal is to understand if pancreatic problems can help identify a unique form of diabetes called pancreatogenic diabetes, and how blood markers and pancreas structure relate to its function. This study involves adults with type 2 diabetes of up to five years' duration and is conducted as a single-visit, cross-sectional assessment in outpatient clinics in Kazakhstan. Participants will undergo blood tests to measure glucose, insulin, and other markers, provide a stool sample to evaluate digestive function, and have an ultrasound examination of the pancreas. They will also answer questions about digestive symptoms. The study does not involve any treatment but focuses on a comprehensive evaluation of pancreatic function in a single visit. During the visit, researchers will assess pancreatic function through blood and stool tests, ultrasound imaging, and symptom questionnaires. The main outcome measured is the prevalence of pancreatogenic diabetes at baseline. Safety monitoring is not specifically mentioned, as this is an observational study. The entire participation consists of one outpatient clinic visit, with no extended follow-up periods.

Researchers are evaluating the clinical effectiveness of Ustekinumab in patients with Crohn's Disease through an observational study that includes both retrospective and prospective components. The study aims to assess the reduction in disease activity with a focus on the Crohn's Disease Activity Index over 24 weeks of therapy. The study involves patients who have been prescribed Ustekinumab for the first time between January 1 and December 31, 2024. Participants receive the usual care with Ustekinumab as prescribed, and the study observes their response to treatment without additional experimental interventions. Participants will be monitored for changes in their disease activity using the Crohn's Disease Activity Index at week 24. The study also involves collection of clinical data, monitoring for safety, and evaluating adherence to treatment. The total duration and detailed follow-up procedures are based on observing the patients through their routine care during the study period.

Researchers are evaluating the effects of adding Anifrolumab to the usual treatment for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in a real-world setting. This international study, called INTERSTELLAR, aims to provide important evidence on how Anifrolumab helps patients with SLE, including those with skin symptoms related to the disease. The study uses standardized criteria and measures across multiple countries such as Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Mexico, Costa Rica, Panama, Dominican Republic, Colombia, Argentina, Taiwan, and Egypt to allow comparisons between different populations. INTERSTELLAR is a multi-country, single-arm observational study that includes both retrospective data from the year before starting Anifrolumab and prospective follow-up for one year after treatment begins. Patients join the study when they receive their first prescription and infusion of Anifrolumab, following the approved country-specific guidelines. The study will collect data until the patient dies, stops participating, or the study ends. Clinical assessments and patient-reported outcomes related to lupus activity, skin involvement, fatigue, and quality of life will be gathered throughout the study. Participants will be assessed at various times including before treatment and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after starting Anifrolumab. Researchers will monitor lupus disease activity, skin symptoms, fatigue, and quality of life using standardized tools. Data will continue to be collected even if patients stop the treatment, as long as they agree to stay in the study. This approach helps provide a comprehensive understanding of Anifrolumab's impact in routine clinical practice over a full year.

This research aims to describe the rate of chronic kidney disease (CKD) diagnosis in patients with arterial hypertension (high blood pressure) and markers of CKD in Kazakhstan. The study is a multicenter, non-interventional, prospective observational study that also includes retrospective analysis. It focuses on patients with hypertension and markers such as albuminuria or reduced kidney filtration rate (GFR below 60 ml/min/1.73 m2). Participants are adults diagnosed with hypertension according to clinical guidelines, with specific laboratory markers of CKD measured within the last 12 months and persisting for at least 3 months. The study does not involve any interventions or treatments and observes patients' existing conditions and therapies. It evaluates the proportion of patients with CKD markers among those with hypertension and further assesses demographic and clinical characteristics as well as routine therapies before and after CKD diagnosis. During the study, researchers will collect data on patient medical records, laboratory test results, and diagnoses. The primary outcome is the proportion of patients with CKD markers within 16 months. Secondary outcomes include further evaluation of patients with confirmed CKD diagnoses. The study spans prospective observation and retrospective review, focusing on real-world clinical information without altering patient care.