Kwale

Researchers are evaluating how iron is absorbed from three different antenatal supplements a multiple micronutrient supplement MMS with 30 mg iron, MMS with 60 mg iron, and an iron-folic acid IFA supplement with 60 mg iron. This study involves 50 pregnant women in Kenya during their second trimester. The study also aims to understand if daily iron dosing triggers a hormone called hepcidin that could reduce iron absorption, and whether taking supplements every other day might be more effective for treating iron deficiency. Participants will receive the supplements in a randomized crossover design across different blocks. In one block, maize porridge combined with labeled iron compounds and one of the supplements will be given on days 1, 3, and 5. In three additional randomized blocks, water with labeled iron and MMS or IFA supplements will be given on days 1, 2 or 3, and 4, with varying doses of iron 30 mg or 60 mg. The study uses stable iron isotopes to track iron absorption from the supplements. During the study, researchers will measure fractional iron absorption at multiple time points days 19, 36, 53, and 70. Blood tests for hemoglobin, serum ferritin, hepcidin, C-reactive protein, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, and soluble transferrin receptor will be collected at several intervals to monitor iron status and inflammation. The study is randomized and single-blind, and participants will be monitored closely for safety and adherence throughout the study period lasting about 10 weeks.