Kwale

Researchers are evaluating iron absorption from three different antenatal supplements in pregnant Kenyan women during their second trimester. The supplements include multiple micronutrient supplementation (MMS) with 30 mg iron, MMS with 60 mg iron, and iron folic acid (IFA) with 60 mg iron. This study uses a randomized crossover design and stable iron isotopes to compare how the body absorbs iron under both fasted and fed conditions. Additionally, it investigates whether daily dosing triggers a hepcidin response that reduces iron absorption and tests if alternate-day dosing might be a better approach to treat iron deficiency. Participants will receive the three types of supplements, each containing specific amounts of iron combined with stable iron isotopes, to track absorption. The MMS supplements contain ferrous fumarate isotopes, while the IFA supplement contains ferrous sulphate isotopes. The study compares the bioavailability of iron from these supplements during different dosing schedules, including daily and alternate-day intake. During the study, researchers will measure fractional iron absorption at multiple time points: days 19, 36, 53, and 70. Pregnant women will be monitored for iron absorption in both fed and fasted states. The study includes assessments of hemoglobin concentration, inflammation status, and adherence to supplement intake. The total participation duration covers these repeated measurements to evaluate iron bioavailability and the effectiveness of different dosing strategies in pregnancy.