Melaka

Researchers are evaluating the safety and effects of different doses of a new medicine called NNC0519-0130 in people living with chronic kidney disease, some of whom have type 2 diabetes and are overweight or obese. This Phase 2 study also compares NNC0519-0130 to semaglutide, an already prescribed medicine, and a placebo to see how they may improve kidney function. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive once-weekly subcutaneous injections of NNC0519-0130 with a fixed dose escalation until reaching a maintenance dose, semaglutide with a similar dosing schedule, or a placebo matching NNC0519-0130. The treatment period lasts up to 43 weeks with several dosing schemes and groups. During the study, participants will have their kidney function monitored through urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio changes at weeks 12, 24, and 36. Other assessments include estimated glomerular filtration rate, body weight changes, waist circumference, blood pressure, and glycated hemoglobin levels. Safety will be evaluated by tracking adverse events throughout the trial duration. Participants will be regularly assessed to understand the medicines effects and safety.

Researchers are evaluating camizestrant against standard endocrine therapy for patients with ER-positive, HER2-negative early breast cancer who have an intermediate or high risk of disease recurrence. These patients must have completed locoregional therapy and at least 2 to 5 years of standard adjuvant endocrine therapy. The study is a Phase III open-label trial focused on improving outcomes for these patients over a long-term period. Participants are randomly assigned to receive either camizestrant orally or continue with the standard endocrine therapy chosen by their investigator, which may include aromatase inhibitors exemestane, letrozole, anastrozole or tamoxifen. Treatment in each group lasts for 60 months. The study allows prior use of CDK46 inhibitors and includes a follow-up period extending up to 10 years from the last patient randomization. During the study, participants will undergo regular assessments to monitor invasive breast cancer-free survival and other outcomes such as invasive disease-free survival, distant relapse-free survival, overall survival, and safety. Researchers will also evaluate symptoms like joint pain, hot flushes, and vaginal dryness using specific scales, along with quality of life measures and pharmacokinetics. Safety monitoring continues up to 28 days after the last dose, and participants remain under observation for up to 10 years total.

Researchers are evaluating elacestrant compared to standard endocrine therapies in adults with node-positive, Estrogen Receptor-positive ER, HER2-negative early breast cancer who are at high risk of cancer returning. The study focuses on those who have had prior endocrine therapy and aims to measure how well elacestrant may prevent invasive breast cancer recurrence over five years. Participants are randomly assigned to receive either 345 mg of elacestrant daily for five years or continue their prior standard endocrine therapy, which may include an aromatase inhibitor anastrozole, letrozole, or exemestane or tamoxifen. The trial is open-label, meaning both participants and researchers know which treatment is given. During the study, participants will have regular assessments to monitor cancer recurrence, survival, side effects, and quality of life. Evaluations include questionnaires on health status and physical functioning at baseline, six months, and annually for up to five years. Safety is tracked through adverse event reporting up to five years plus 28 days. The total participation duration can last up to five years with ongoing monitoring and data collection.

Researchers are evaluating the effects of a medicine called BI 690517 combined with empagliflozin in adults with chronic kidney disease CKD who are at risk of their kidney condition getting worse. The study includes people with or without type 2 diabetes and those who may already be taking medicines like angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors ACEi, angiotensin receptor blockers ARB, or sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors SGLT2i. The goal is to understand if adding BI 690517 can help delay worsening kidney function, hospitalizations due to heart failure, or cardiovascular death. After a run-in period where all participants take empagliflozin and other standard medications, participants are randomly assigned to receive either BI 690517 tablets or placebo tablets once daily alongside empagliflozin. The run-in period confirms that participants are stabilized on empagliflozin before randomization. The treatment phase continues for about three to four years until enough kidney or heart-related events have occurred to compare outcomes between the two groups. During the study, participants visit the study site about five times in the first six months and then every six months thereafter. At these visits, health is regularly checked through blood and urine tests, blood pressure and weight measurements, kidney function monitoring, and collection of any side effect information. The main outcome measured is the time until the first occurrence of kidney disease progression, hospitalization for heart failure, or cardiovascular death.

Researchers are evaluating tozorakimab as an additional treatment to standard care in adults hospitalized with viral lung infection who need supplemental oxygen. The study aims to determine if tozorakimab can help prevent death or the need for invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. This Phase III trial involves a large group of participants to assess the safety and effectiveness of this approach. Participants are randomly assigned to one of two groups one group receives a single intravenous dose of tozorakimab on the first day, while the other group receives a matching placebo. The study uses a double-blind design, meaning neither participants nor researchers know which treatment is given. This helps ensure unbiased results. The treatments are given once, and participants continue to receive standard care during the trial. During the study, participants are closely monitored and evaluated up to 60 days after treatment. Researchers track important outcomes such as death rates, progression to invasive ventilation, days alive outside intensive care, and oxygen use. They also assess clinical progression using a World Health Organization scale and monitor for any anti-drug antibodies. The trial lasts until November 2027, with multiple assessments throughout to understand the treatments impact and safety.

This research aims to evaluate the effects of combining baxdrostat with dapagliflozin compared to dapagliflozin alone in adults aged 40 and older who have type 2 diabetes, established cardiovascular disease, a history of hypertension with a systolic blood pressure of at least 130 mmHg, and at least one additional risk factor for heart failure. The study is a phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled trial focusing on preventing heart failure events and cardiovascular death. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either baxdrostat with dapagliflozin or placebo with dapagliflozin. Those starting the baxdrostatdapagliflozin treatment may begin with a lower baxdrostat dose that can be increased if certain criteria are met. A run-in period with dapagliflozin alone for 4 to 6 weeks may occur for those not previously treated or treated less than 4 weeks with SGLT2 inhibitors. Treatment visits will occur at about 2, 4, 8, 16, and 34 weeks after randomization, then every 4 months until study closure. Participants will undergo screening for eligibility within a 14-day period, with an optional pre-screening phase that does not require site visits or consent. During the study, regular assessments including monitoring for heart failure events and cardiovascular outcomes will be conducted. If participants stop the blinded treatment early, they may continue with open-label dapagliflozin unless specific discontinuation criteria apply. The study will continue until a predetermined number of cardiovascular events occur, with ongoing data collection and visits according to protocol.

Researchers are evaluating the impact of two different default dialysate sodium concentrations on major cardiovascular events and death in adults receiving maintenance haemodialysis for end-stage kidney disease. This pragmatic, cluster-randomised, open-label Phase 4 study compares sodium levels of 137 mmoll and 140 mmoll in real-world dialysis settings across multiple sites globally. Dialysis sites will be randomly assigned to use either a default dialysate sodium concentration of 137 mmoll or 140 mmoll for at least 90% of dialysis sessions. Other aspects of patient care will follow standard local practices. Sites must consent to participate, and individual patients will provide waiver or opt-out consent. The study expects to enroll sites over 5 to 7 years, with each participant followed for approximately 2 to 5 years until the study endpoints are reached. Participants will receive dialysis at their assigned sites with the designated sodium concentration. Researchers will monitor the time to first occurrence of major cardiovascular events or death as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes include other cardiovascular events and individual components of the composite outcomes. Data collection and patient monitoring will continue throughout the study period, estimated to last around five years per participant.

Researchers are studying advanced breast cancer patients who have mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, or PALB2 genes and whose cancer is hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative. The study aims to compare the effectiveness of saruparib AZD5305 combined with camizestrant against standard treatments involving CDK46 inhibitors plus endocrine therapy. This is a phase III clinical trial conducted to evaluate treatment options for this specific breast cancer group. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups saruparib plus camizestrant physicians choice of CDK46 inhibitor plus endocrine therapy physicians choice of CDK46 inhibitor plus camizestrant or saruparib plus physicians choice endocrine therapy. Treatments are given orally or by injection according to the group, and continue until the disease progresses, unacceptable side effects occur, or the participant chooses to stop. During the study, participants will undergo assessments to monitor disease progression and treatment effects, including scans and laboratory tests. Researchers will measure progression-free survival and other outcomes such as overall survival, response rates, and quality of life over several years. Safety and tolerability will also be closely observed throughout the study period, which may last up to about 88 months.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease COPD is a major global health issue, leading to high morbidity and mortality, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Frequent exacerbations worsen the disease and increase death risk. Current guidelines recommend triple inhaled therapy combining an inhaled corticosteroid, a long-acting muscarinic antagonist, and a long-acting beta2-agonist for patients with persistent symptoms. BreztriTrixeo BGF is one such therapy approved based on controlled clinical trials, but real-world data on its effectiveness and patient experience is needed. This observational study, called iCHOROS, will follow adults with moderate to severe COPD treated with BGF in routine clinical settings across Latin America, Asia, and the Middle East & Africa. Participants will be observed for 12 months after starting BGF, with assessments at baseline, 12, 26, and 52 weeks. The study collects clinical data and patient-reported outcomes without altering the standard care or providing study medication, focusing on real-life use and effects of BGF. Participants will have their COPD status, symptom scores, lung function, exacerbation history, and treatment satisfaction recorded during scheduled visits. The main measure is the change in COPD Assessment Test CAT score after 12 weeks. Additional measures include exacerbation rates, dyspnea severity, spirometry, and patient satisfaction with inhalers. The study aims to provide insights into BGFs impact in diverse populations over one year of follow-up.

Researchers are evaluating the use of transesophageal echocardiography TEE performed by emergency physicians to identify blunt traumatic aortic injury BTAI in patients with chest trauma. This multicenter prospective observational study aims to assess how well TEE detects BTAI compared to the standard computed tomography angiography CTA, which confirms the diagnosis. The study also considers TEEs ability to provide additional information on heart function, blood flow, and lung conditions in trauma patients. In this study, all trauma patients suspected of having BTAI at the emergency department will receive TEE followed by CTA. TEE is a minimally invasive imaging procedure that evaluates the thoracic aorta and other chest structures. The findings from TEE will be compared to CTA results, and when available, surgical or autopsy confirmation will also be used. Investigators have assessed how consistently different observers interpret TEE images before starting the study. Participants will undergo TEE and CTA during their emergency care. Researchers will measure the sensitivity and specificity of TEE in identifying BTAI over one year. This study involves careful monitoring of imaging results and comparison with reference standards. Participation includes consent by the patient or their next of kin before TEE. The total study period extends to the end of 2025, focusing on trauma patients aged 18 to 100 years.