Gwagwalada

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease causing millions of cases and deaths globally, with a high burden in developing countries like Nigeria. TB mainly affects young adults and is worsened by HIV infection. Current TB treatments are long and challenging, leading to poor compliance and drug resistance. Researchers are studying whether atorvastatin, a cholesterol-lowering drug, can improve TB treatment by making the bacteria more vulnerable and reducing lung damage. Previous Phase II studies showed atorvastatin to be safe and possibly effective, warranting further investigation in this Phase IIC trial. This trial is a multicenter, randomized, open-label study comparing four treatment arms: standard TB drugs alone or combined with daily atorvastatin at doses of 20 mg, 40 mg, or 60 mg for 16 weeks. All participants receive standard anti-TB treatment for 24 weeks. The study will evaluate safety, how quickly the bacteria disappear from sputum, improvements in chest X-rays, and lung function. Participants will be followed closely for 12 months after starting treatment. Participants aged 12 to 65 with confirmed pulmonary TB will have multiple assessments including sputum tests, blood tests, lung function and chest X-rays at various points during and after treatment. Researchers will monitor safety by recording any serious side effects and will measure treatment effectiveness by the time to stable bacterial clearance and disease-free survival at six months. This extended follow-up aims to provide detailed data to support future larger trials.

Researchers are evaluating how well Nigeria's National Sodium Reduction Program, led by the Nigerian Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), is being implemented. This program uses the WHO's SHAKE package, which includes strategies like monitoring salt intake, working with industry, adopting labeling standards, educating consumers, and promoting healthy eating environments. The aim is to reduce sodium intake across the population to help prevent and control high blood pressure. The study involves repeated assessments at three time points: baseline (Wave 1), 18 months later (Wave 2), and 36 months later (Wave 3). It uses a type III hybrid, mixed method design, including stakeholder interviews, population surveys, and retail food surveys. The retail surveys capture data on packaged and unpackaged foods as well as informal restaurants using the FoodSwitch program. Researchers apply implementation science frameworks to guide and evaluate the program's reach, effectiveness, adoption, and sustainability. Participants will be assessed through surveys and interviews over the study period. Researchers will measure changes in average population sodium intake, including 24-hour urinary sodium, from baseline to follow-up waves. They will also study dietary sources of sodium at baseline and at 36 months. The study includes monitoring the acceptability, feasibility, and fidelity of the program, along with contextual factors influencing success. Participation is expected to last over three years, with multiple waves of data collection and ongoing evaluation.

This research aims to collect real world data on patient characteristics, disease management, healthcare use, and outcomes for people living with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. It focuses on understanding how these conditions are managed and the quality of care patients receive in everyday clinical practice across many countries. The registry is observational and voluntary, designed to fill gaps in knowledge about these diseases globally. The study uses a multinational, observational registry with a cloud-based electronic case report form (eCRF) to gather both prospective and retrospective data. This system is accessible to doctors managing patients with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart failure, or chronic kidney disease worldwide. There are no specific treatments or interventions given as part of this study since it is a data collection registry. Participants provide information for an average of 3 years during the study. Researchers will collect data on patient characteristics, disease management, healthcare use, quality of care indicators, cardiovascular outcomes, kidney outcomes, and other related complications. The registry allows ongoing data entry and monitoring to better understand real world outcomes and care quality for these conditions.

Researchers are evaluating the effects of pre-operative chlorhexidine mouthwash and perioperative oxygen levels on the rates of pneumonia and surgical site infections in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. This Phase 3, multi-center, randomized controlled trial is conducted across hospitals in low and middle-income countries, focusing on adults and children aged 10 years or older having elective or emergency midline laparotomy. The study aims to reduce serious postoperative complications that significantly contribute to mortality and healthcare burden, especially in these resource-limited settings. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of four groups combining the use or non-use of chlorhexidine mouthwash before surgery and different oxygen concentrations during surgery: (a) mouthwash with high oxygen (80-100% FiO2), (b) no mouthwash with high oxygen, (c) mouthwash with low oxygen (21-30% FiO2), or (d) no mouthwash with low oxygen. The trial includes a 6-month internal pilot phase to assess recruitment and compliance, followed by a main phase enrolling approximately 12,924 participants. During the study, researchers will monitor participants for pneumonia and surgical site infections within 30 days after surgery using CDC definitions. Data on treatment adherence and participant outcomes will be collected and assessed by blinded outcome assessors. The study will track complications and follow patients through their recovery to evaluate how these interventions might reduce postoperative infections and improve surgical outcomes.