Gwagwalada

Tuberculosis TB is a serious infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, leading to millions of cases and deaths worldwide, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria. TB mainly affects the lungs and is worsened by HIV infection, making it a top cause of death globally. The trial investigates atorvastatin, a cholesterol-lowering drug, to see if it can improve TB treatment by reducing bacteria and lung damage, building on promising earlier studies that showed atorvastatin was safe and may enhance TB therapy outcomes. The trial is a phase IIC, multicenter, randomized, open-label study comparing four treatment groups three different daily doses of atorvastatin 20mg, 40mg, 60mg given for 16 weeks along with standard 6-month anti-TB therapy, and a control group receiving standard therapy alone. Patients are randomly assigned to one of these groups and followed closely for 12 months after starting treatment. The study aims to evaluate safety, the speed at which TB bacteria clear from sputum, improvement in chest X-rays, and lung function. Participants aged 12 to 65 with active pulmonary TB will undergo screening including medical history, HIV and diabetes testing, sputum cultures, blood tests, lung function, and pregnancy tests for women. During the study, sputum samples, blood tests, chest X-rays, and lung function will be monitored regularly. Researchers will track side effects and measure outcomes like TB disease-free survival and symptom improvement at 6 and 12 months. The long follow-up period allows for detailed assessment of treatment effects and safety.

Researchers are evaluating the implementation and scale-up of Nigerias national sodium reduction program led by the Nigerian Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control NAFDAC. This program uses the WHOs SHAKE package, which includes strategies like surveillance of salt intake, industry engagement, labeling standards, consumer education, and promoting healthy eating environments to reduce sodium intake and prevent hypertension. The study uses a type III hybrid, mixed methods design to assess the programs progress and effectiveness in real-world settings. The study involves enrolling adult household representatives from three Nigerian states to participate in repeated waves of data collection. Participants take part in surveys such as the STEPs survey, provide 24-hour and spot urine samples, blood samples for fatty acid estimation, and complete multiple 24-hour dietary recalls. These assessments occur at baseline Wave 1, and follow-ups at around 18 months Wave 2 and 36 months Wave 3 to monitor dietary sodium sources, population sodium intake, and program implementation outcomes. Participants will be involved in interviews, surveys, and biological sample collections over the study period. Researchers will use various frameworks and methods to evaluate program reach, adoption, feasibility, fidelity, acceptability, and cost. Key outcomes include changes in mean population sodium intake and 24-hour urinary sodium from baseline through follow-up waves, along with shifts in dietary sources of sodium and knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors about sodium intake. The total participation period spans approximately three years, with repeated assessments to track progress and impact.

This research aims to collect real-world data on the characteristics, management, healthcare use, and outcomes of patients living with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. It is an international observational registry that includes patients from many countries to better understand how these conditions are treated in everyday clinical practice. Participants in this registry are observed without receiving experimental treatments. Data are collected both retrospectively and prospectively using a cloud-based electronic case report form accessible to investigators and a scientific committee. The registry includes groups of patients with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, or heart failure, either as their primary condition or as a coexisting condition. Patients provide information about their health status, treatments, and outcomes over time. Researchers collect data on demographics, disease characteristics, laboratory tests, treatments, healthcare visits, hospitalizations, and lifestyle factors. The study measures many outcomes such as blood sugar levels, kidney function, heart function, medication use, and health events over an average of three years. Participation is voluntary and ongoing, with data collection continuing until the study end date in 2030.

Researchers are investigating the effects of pre-operative mouthwash and varying oxygen levels during surgery on the rates of pneumonia and surgical site infections in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. This trial focuses on patients in low and middle-income countries, where postoperative complications are more common and often more severe. The study aims to find ways to reduce these serious complications, which can cause pain, disability, and increased healthcare costs. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of four groups pre-operative chlorhexidine mouthwash combined with high oxygen levels 80-100% FiO2, no mouthwash with high oxygen levels, mouthwash with low oxygen levels 21-30% FiO2, or no mouthwash with low oxygen levels. Treatments are given around the time of surgery, with oxygen delivered during the operation and mouthwash used before surgery. The study includes an internal pilot phase lasting six months to check recruitment and compliance, followed by a larger trial aiming to enroll nearly 13,000 participants. During the study, researchers will monitor participants for up to 30 days after surgery, assessing rates of pneumonia and surgical site infections using CDC definitions. They will also track other outcomes like mortality, repeat surgeries, hospital stay length, return to normal activities, critical care admissions, and healthcare resource use. Follow-up includes evaluating patient recovery and safety, with all data collected to understand how these interventions impact surgical outcomes in these settings.