Yenagoa

This research aims to assess the effectiveness and safety of the R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine in children. It focuses on how well the vaccine protects against severe malaria and clinical malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum in areas with high transmission. The study also evaluates whether receiving the R21 vaccine affects the risk of death from any cause. Children who have clinical malaria, severe malaria, or have died will be enrolled as cases, and matched controls from the community will be included for comparison. The study is conducted at multiple centers in countries where the R21/Matrix-M vaccine has been approved and is being used. Cases of malaria and deaths are identified from hospitals and clinics, while controls matched by age and neighborhood are recruited from the community. For each severe malaria or death case, four matched controls are enrolled, while clinical malaria cases have one matched control each. Vaccination status will be verified using official records or parental reports. Field staff may visit homes to collect necessary data. Participants will have their vaccination status and medical history reviewed, with data collected from hospital records, immunization cards, and interviews. The study measures vaccine effectiveness against severe malaria, clinical malaria, and all-cause death over about one year. Researchers will also explore vaccine effectiveness in hospitalized malaria cases. Parental consent and cooperation are required, and the study involves ongoing monitoring and data collection in the participants' communities and healthcare settings.

Researchers are conducting a Phase 3, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial to assess whether azithromycin taken as a preventive treatment can reduce death rates in adults with advanced HIV disease. Participants eligible for the study must have confirmed HIV infection with low CD4 counts or specific treatment histories, reflecting advanced immunosuppression. The trial aims to better understand mortality outcomes related to this preventive approach in this population. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either azithromycin tablets or placebo tablets for 28 days. All participants will be followed for 24 weeks after randomization to measure the main outcome of death from any cause, with total follow-up lasting 48 weeks. The study compares the effects of azithromycin prophylaxis against an inactive placebo to evaluate its impact on survival. During the study, participants will be monitored regularly to track health outcomes, particularly mortality. They must be able to start or adjust antiretroviral therapy within four weeks of joining the trial. Researchers will closely observe for any adverse effects, treatment adherence, and overall health status throughout the follow-up period to assess the safety and effectiveness of the intervention.