Madinah

This research aims to evaluate the use of caffeine citrate as an additional treatment for late preterm infants who have respiratory distress. The study focuses on infants born between 34 0/7 and 36 6/7 weeks of gestation. Researchers want to understand if caffeine can improve breathing, reduce apnea episodes, shorten the need for respiratory support, and possibly decrease the length of hospital stay for these infants. Participants will be randomly assigned without knowing their group to receive either caffeine citrate or a placebo. The caffeine group will get a loading dose of 20 mg/kg followed by a daily maintenance dose of 10 mg/kg, continued until the infant no longer needs respiratory support. The placebo group will receive an equivalent amount of saline. Preparation of the treatments will be done by a pharmacist not involved in the study to keep the process blinded. During the study, infants will be monitored for the duration they require respiratory support and other respiratory health outcomes. The main measure is the length of time they need breathing assistance within 28 days. Safety and other health factors will also be assessed. Parents and healthcare providers will remain unaware of which treatment the infants receive to ensure unbiased results.

Researchers are evaluating how different laser wavelengths (808 nm, 980 nm, and 1064 nm) affect nerve damage and recovery in patients with Bell's palsy, a condition that causes facial paralysis and movement problems. The goal is to find the best laser treatment to improve nerve healing, clinical outcomes, and rehabilitation, ultimately enhancing patients' quality of life. The study compares several laser therapies including low-level laser therapy with an 830 nm wavelength, gallium arsenide diode laser, high intensity laser therapy using a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser, and a sham laser device with no active laser output. Treatments target eight points on the face near the facial nerve roots, with sessions delivering a total energy of 80 joules. All patients also receive facial muscle massage and exercises designed to support facial muscle movement and nerve function. Participants will be assessed before and after treatment using the Facial Disability Index and House-Brackmann scale. Researchers measure nerve function through compound motor action potentials of the facial nerve at baseline and after six weeks. Patient progress is monitored through clinical evaluations and facial exercises during the study period.

Researchers are investigating the best safe threshold to stop phototherapy in newborn babies who have hemolytic disease of the newborn, a condition that can cause high bilirubin levels. The study aims to compare whether stopping phototherapy at a lower bilirubin level versus a higher bilirubin level affects the chance of rebound hyperbilirubinemia, which is a return of high bilirubin levels after treatment. This trial focuses on full-term and late preterm infants, particularly those born at or after 35 weeks of gestation. The study divides newborns into two groups based on when phototherapy is discontinued: one group stops treatment when bilirubin levels are 50-100 micromol/L below the current standard threshold, and the other stops when levels are about 100 micromol/L below that threshold. Phototherapy is given according to American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines, using intensified overhead blue LED lights or intensified 360-degree LED phototherapy if bilirubin levels approach critical exchange transfusion levels. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment is provided for infants with isoimmune hemolytic disease who do not respond to phototherapy. Immediate exchange transfusion is started if bilirubin levels are above the exchange threshold or if there are signs of acute bilirubin encephalopathy. Participants will be closely monitored for rebound hyperbilirubinemia within 28 days after stopping phototherapy. The study includes regular bilirubin level checks and clinical assessments to evaluate safety and effectiveness of the lower versus higher phototherapy discontinuation thresholds. Researchers will track the need for further treatments such as IVIG or exchange transfusion. The total participation period covers the initial phototherapy treatment and follow-up assessments within the first month of life to ensure babies remain stable and safe after treatment ends.