Madinah

Researchers are evaluating the use of caffeine citrate in late-preterm infants who experience respiratory distress. The study aims to understand whether caffeine can improve breathing effort, reduce apnea episodes, shorten hospital stays, and improve alertness in babies born between 34 and 36 67 weeks of gestation. This is a controlled trial comparing caffeine therapy to placebo in this vulnerable population. Participants are randomly assigned to receive either caffeine citrate or a placebo in a double-blind manner. The caffeine group receives a loading dose of 20 mgkg equivalent to 10 mgkg caffeine base followed by a maintenance dose of 10 mgkgday equivalent to 5 mgkg caffeine base. Treatment continues until the infant no longer needs any respiratory support. The placebo group receives an equivalent volume of saline. Preparation and administration of the study drugs are handled by a pharmacist not involved in the study to maintain blinding. During the 28-day study period, infants will be closely monitored for duration of respiratory support, episodes and days of apnea, extubation failure, length of hospital stay, feeding progress, weight gain, and any adverse effects from caffeine use. Researchers will also track readmission rates and mortality. Assessments include clinical observations and routine care measures to evaluate the overall impact of caffeine on respiratory health and recovery in late-preterm infants.

This research aims to compare how different laser wavelengths 808 nm, 980 nm, and 1064 nm affect nerve healing in patients with Bells palsy, a condition causing facial paralysis and movement problems. By studying these laser treatments, researchers hope to improve clinical care, rehabilitation methods, and quality of life for people with this nerve disorder. Participants are randomly assigned to one of four groups a sham laser device group, a Low-Level Laser Therapy group, a gallium arsenide diode laser group, or a high-intensity laser treatment group. Each group receives 18 treatment sessions over six weeks, with three sessions each week. All participants also receive facial muscle massage and exercises to support nerve recovery. During the study, researchers will assess the facial nerve function using compound motor action potential tests at the start and after six weeks of treatment. Other assessments include facial disability scoring and monitoring of therapy sessions. The total study period includes the six-week treatment phase, with safety and progress tracked throughout.

Researchers are evaluating the safety of different phototherapy stopping points in newborns with hemolytic disease. The study compares a lower threshold versus a higher threshold for stopping phototherapy based on total serum bilirubin TSB levels. The goal is to see which approach reduces the chance of rebound high bilirubin after treatment in term and late preterm infants with this condition. Neonates in the low-threshold group will stop phototherapy when their TSB is about 100 micromolL below the American Academy of Pediatrics AAP threshold. Those in the high-threshold group will stop when TSB is 50 to 100 micromolL below the AAP threshold. Phototherapy is started for both groups according to AAP guidelines, using intensified blue LED lights when TSB reaches treatment levels. Some infants may receive immunoglobulin or exchange transfusions if bilirubin levels are very high or if clinical signs appear. Parents and caregivers can expect close monitoring of their infants through hospital stays, including TSB blood tests and clinical checks. Researchers will track outcomes like rebound high bilirubin within 28 days, length of hospital stay, and any side effects from phototherapy. The study also follows cost of neonatal intensive care over 90 days. Participation lasts during the newborn period with follow-up to assess safety and treatment results.