Luodong Township

Shiners are dark circles under the eyes caused by the buildup of blood and fluids in the infraorbital groove. They often occur in people with allergic or non-allergic rhinitis due to nasal congestion causing venous stasis. This research aims to compare the effectiveness of different treatments for rhinitis in lightening both the rhinitis symptoms and the shiners. The study will include children, adolescents, and adults with moderate to severe rhinitis, and it investigates which therapies best reduce the darkness and area of shiners. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: oral antihistamine only (Levocetirizine), combined intranasal corticosteroids (Mometasone Furoate) with oral antihistamine, or combined intranasal corticosteroids with oral antihistamine plus a one-week course of intranasal decongestant (Oxymetazoline). Digital photos and quality of life questionnaires specific to age groups will be collected at the start and then on days 7, 14, and 28 after treatment to monitor changes. Throughout the study, researchers will analyze standardized digital images to measure changes in the darkness and size of shiners. Clinical data, medical history, laboratory results, and patient-reported quality of life will also be gathered. The main focus is to assess how well each treatment lightens shiners, with follow-ups over four weeks. Statistical methods will evaluate the most effective therapies, ensuring thorough monitoring of participant responses during the study.