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Researchers are evaluating the efficacy and safety of rilvegostomig compared to pembrolizumab monotherapy as the first-line treatment for patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer mNSCLC whose tumors express high levels of PD-L1. This Phase III, randomized, double-blind, multicenter global study focuses on patients with mNSCLC without certain genetic mutations who are suitable for this treatment approach. Participants are randomly assigned to receive either rilvegostomig or pembrolizumab intravenously on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle. The study compares these two drugs over repeated treatment cycles as first-line therapy. Both treatments are biological agents given by infusion, and the study is designed to monitor their effects over up to approximately five years. During the trial, participants will undergo regular assessments including physical exams, imaging scans such as CT or MRI to measure tumor lesions, and laboratory tests to evaluate organ function. Researchers will closely monitor overall survival, progression-free survival, treatment response, duration of response, and patient-reported outcomes on physical functioning and quality of life. Safety and immunogenicity of rilvegostomig will also be evaluated. Participants are followed and assessed for up to five years to gather comprehensive data on treatment effects and long-term outcomes.

Researchers are evaluating the effectiveness and safety of Datopotamab Deruxtecan Dato-DXd with or without Durvalumab compared to investigators choice chemotherapy combined with Pembrolizumab in patients with PD-L1 positive locally recurrent inoperable or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer TNBC. This Phase III, randomized, open-label, international study aims to determine if Dato-DXd with Durvalumab can improve progression-free survival and overall survival while assessing quality of life impacts in this patient population. Participants are assigned to one of three groups Dato-DXd with Durvalumab, investigators choice chemotherapy paclitaxel, nab-paclitaxel, or gemcitabine plus carboplatin combined with Pembrolizumab, or Dato-DXd alone. All study drugs are given by intravenous infusion. The study includes stratification by geographic region, disease-free interval, and prior PD-1PD-L1 treatment. Treatment continues with monitoring up to about 33 months for progression-free survival and safety, with some outcomes followed up to 64 months. Throughout the study, participants undergo assessments including imaging to measure tumor response using RECIST criteria, laboratory tests, and questionnaires to evaluate symptoms and quality of life. Researchers monitor time to disease progression, overall survival, response duration, and safety outcomes. Follow-up includes evaluation of subsequent therapies and pharmacokinetics. The total participation duration can be up to several years to capture long-term outcomes.

Researchers are evaluating the effectiveness and safety of combining inavolisib with a cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitor CDK46i and letrozole compared to placebo plus CDK46i and letrozole in adults with endocrine-sensitive PIK3CA-mutated hormone receptor-positive HR, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer. This phase III, randomized, double-blind study focuses on participants who have measurable disease and meet specific hormone receptor and HER2 status criteria. Participants are randomly assigned to receive either oral inavolisib once daily along with letrozole and CDK46i or placebo once daily with letrozole and CDK46i. The CDK46i is given on a schedule of either Days 1-21 or Days 1-28 of each 28-day cycle. The study includes parallel groups to compare these treatment combinations over time. During the study, participants will be monitored for progression-free survival, overall survival, response rates, duration of response, clinical benefit, and changes in pain, physical function, and global health status. Safety will be assessed by tracking adverse events and patient-reported treatment side effects using questionnaires. The study will follow participants for up to seven years, with regular evaluations to track disease status and quality of life.

Researchers are evaluating orforglipron to measure its effects on cardiovascular outcomes in adults aged 50 and older who have atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease ASCVD andor chronic kidney disease CKD. This phase 3 study aims to compare orforglipron with a placebo to better understand its impact on major cardiovascular events over about five years. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either orforglipron orally along with standard care or a placebo orally along with standard care. The study is double-blinded, meaning neither participants nor researchers will know who receives the active drug or placebo during the trial period. During the study, participants will be followed for around five years, with researchers monitoring the time to the first major cardiovascular event and additional outcomes such as cardiovascular and kidney events, changes in kidney function measured by eGFR, and the onset of type 2 diabetes. The study includes regular assessments to track these outcomes and ensure participant safety throughout the long-term follow-up.

Researchers are conducting a Phase III, randomized, open-label multicenter study to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of giredestrant compared with fulvestrant. Both drugs are combined with the investigators choice of a CDK46 inhibitor palbociclib, ribociclib, or abemaciclib in participants with estrogen receptor-positive ER, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer who have become resistant to prior adjuvant endocrine therapy. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups one group will receive giredestrant 30 mg orally daily on Days 1-28 of each 28-day cycle, while the other will receive fulvestrant 500 mg intramuscularly on Days 1 and 15 of Cycle 1 and Day 1 of subsequent 28-day cycles. Both groups will also receive a CDK46 inhibitor chosen by the investigator, with dosing schedules depending on the specific inhibitor selected. Preperimenopausal women and men will receive a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone LHRH agonist during treatment. Participants will be assessed for progression-free survival over up to 5 years, with additional measures including overall survival, response rates, duration of response, clinical benefit, and quality of life. Safety will be monitored through adverse event reporting, vital signs, and laboratory tests during treatment and up to 28 days after the last dose. The study is led by Hoffmann-La Roche and aims to provide detailed information on the treatments effects in this patient population.

Researchers are evaluating the effectiveness and safety of inavolisib combined with Phesgo compared to a placebo combined with Phesgo as maintenance treatment for participants with previously untreated HER2-positive advanced breast cancer that has a PIK3CA mutation. This Phase 3 study focuses on participants with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer who have completed induction therapy. Participants first receive induction therapy with Phesgo plus taxane-based chemotherapy. Following this, they enter the maintenance phase where they are randomly assigned to receive either inavolisib tablets taken orally once daily for 21 days of each 21-day cycle along with Phesgo administered subcutaneously every 3 weeks, or a matching placebo tablet with Phesgo on the same schedule. Optional endocrine therapy may be given based on the investigators choice according to standard care. Throughout the study, participants undergo regular monitoring including tumor assessments, quality of life questionnaires, and safety evaluations lasting up to approximately 111 months. Key outcomes measured include progression-free survival assessed by investigators, overall survival, response rates, duration of response, and adverse event rates. Plasma concentrations of inavolisib are also measured at specific timepoints. Participants will be followed closely during and after treatment to assess these outcomes over an extended period.

Researchers are evaluating treatments for people with advanced non-small cell lung cancer NSCLC that have specific genetic changes called HER2 mutations. This lung cancer has spread or cannot be controlled with current treatments. The study aims to compare how well a drug called sevabertinib works and how safe it is compared to standard treatment for this type of cancer. Participants will receive either sevabertinib tablets twice daily or standard treatment consisting of pembrolizumab combined with platinum-based chemotherapy given every 21 days by infusion. Those on standard treatment who experience disease progression may switch to sevabertinib. Treatment continues as long as participants benefit and do not have severe side effects or until they or their doctor decide to stop. During the study, participants will have imaging scans like CT, PET, MRI, and X-rays to monitor cancer spread. Doctors will also perform health checks including blood and urine tests, heart monitoring with ECG, pregnancy tests for women, and ask about symptoms or side effects. The main measure is progression-free survival assessed up to about 2 years, with additional outcomes related to survival, response rates, side effects, and quality of life followed up to 4 years.

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common condition caused by nerve compression at the wrist, leading to symptoms like numbness, tingling, pain, weakness, and difficulty with daily activities. Researchers are studying how clinical severity relates to ultrasound results, nerve conduction tests, hand function, and symptom severity. This study aims to better understand the connection between these factors in adults with carpal tunnel syndrome. Participants will undergo a one-time diagnostic assessment during a single study visit. This includes measuring the median nerve cross-sectional area using ultrasound, performing nerve conduction studies, assessing hand grip strength with a dynamometer, measuring pressure pain threshold using a digital algometer, and completing the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire. No treatments will be given as part of this study. During the study visit, participants will complete all assessments and questionnaires to evaluate nerve and hand function and symptom severity. Researchers will analyze these measurements to understand their relationships. The primary outcome is the median nerve cross-sectional area measured by ultrasound. Secondary outcomes include symptom severity and function scores, grip strength, and pain threshold. The total participation involves only this single visit.

Osteoporosis is a common cause of fractures and health problems in postmenopausal women. This study investigates whether levels of lumican, a protein involved in bone and muscle health, can reveal hidden risks of fragility and fractures beyond what bone mineral density BMD measurements show. Researchers aim to understand how serum lumican relates to bone density, muscle strength, and clinical indicators of fragility in this group. Participants are postmenopausal women undergoing routine osteoporosis evaluation. They will have bone mineral density measured by DEXA scan, routine laboratory tests for osteoporosis, fracture risk assessment using FRAX, handgrip strength measurement, and blood draws to measure serum lumican. No treatments or interventions are given as part of this observational study. Throughout the study, participants will provide blood samples and undergo standard osteoporosis assessments. Researchers will collect clinical data including history of falls and fractures. The main outcome is to examine the association between serum lumican levels and bone mineral density at baseline. The study helps explore new ways to identify patients at risk beyond conventional measures, with all procedures aligned with routine clinical care.

Researchers are evaluating the impact of the Accu-Chek SmartGuide continuous glucose monitoring CGM system compared with traditional self-monitoring of blood glucose SMBG in adults with Type 1 or insulin-dependent Type 2 diabetes who use multiple daily insulin injections. This open-label, randomized, multi-center clinical device study aims to see how the CGM system affects the time participants blood glucose levels stay within the target range of 70-180 mgdL. The study is sponsored by Hoffmann-La Roche and focuses on measuring blood glucose control improvements. Participants are assigned to one of two groups one uses the Accu-Chek SmartGuide CGM solution, which includes a sensor applicator and smartphone apps providing real-time glucose data and analysis the other group continues standard care with SMBG devices while wearing a blinded CGM sensor intermittently during assessment periods. The blinded sensors record data without providing feedback to participants. The study includes baseline, assessment periods A, B, and C occurring over several weeks to compare glucose control over time. During the study, participants will have their blood glucose monitored continuously or through SMBG devices, complete questionnaires on diabetes distress and fear of hypoglycemia, and have laboratory tests including HbA1c at multiple time points. Researchers will track various glucose metrics such as time in range, hypoglycemia events, and glycemic variability. The study duration extends through several assessment periods up to approximately 26 weeks, with ongoing evaluations to assess the usability and impact of the CGM system on diabetes management.