Short-term and Long-term Effectiveness of Different Dosage Parameters in Looking Behaviors, Functional Skills and Caregiver-child Interaction of Early Powered Mobility Training for Toddlers With Motor Delays

What this Trial Is About

Researchers are studying toddlers aged 1 to 3 years with motor delays that affect their ability to walk independently. The study compares the effects of different intensity levels of early powered mobility training, called ROC-Stand, on looking behaviors, visual fixation, and social interaction. It also evaluates short-term and long-term outcomes related to body function, activity, participation, family perceptions, and caregiver-child interaction. The goal is to identify which training intensity best supports development and to understand individual differences in response to these treatments. Participants are randomly assigned to one of three groups: a 2-hour session of ROC-Stand training twice a week for 12 weeks, a 1-hour session of ROC-Stand training twice a week for 24 weeks, or a 1-hour session of conventional therapy twice a week for 24 weeks. Each session includes activities like goal-oriented driving in public spaces and natural play, with a focus on motor skills and socialization. During training, toddlers wear a lightweight head-mounted eye-tracker to record their visual and interactive behaviors. All groups continue their regular therapy throughout the year-long study. Participants undergo assessments at four points: before training, and at 3, 6, and 12 months after starting. These include standardized developmental tests, family perception questionnaires, and activity logs. Eye-tracking data are analyzed by trained coders to evaluate looking and social behaviors. Researchers monitor training conditions, caregiver feedback, and therapy outside the study. The primary outcome measures changes in looking and fixation behaviors over 24 weeks, while secondary outcomes assess developmental progress, motor skills, family stress, and participation. The study spans one year to capture both immediate and lasting effects of the interventions.

Long-term Effectiveness of Different Dosage Parameters of Early Powered Mobility Training for Toddlers With Motor Delays