Diabetic Macular Edema

Researchers are evaluating the first use of a new imaging technology called 4D Microscope Integrated Optical Coherence Tomography 4D MIOCT combined with a Zeiss Artevo 800 surgical microscope during eye surgeries. This study focuses on adult patients undergoing clinically indicated surgery for various eye diseases, aiming to assess how easy the system is to use, its safety, and how well it visualizes the eyes structures during both front and back segment procedures. The study involves using the investigational 4D MIOCT device integrated into the Zeiss Artevo 800 microscope to capture detailed images of the eye during surgery. This imaging is performed in the operating room as part of the standard surgical care, with no additional treatment or interventions added. Up to eight patients may be enrolled, and images will be taken of one or both eyes during surgery to observe normal and abnormal microanatomy, as well as track any injections under the retina. Participants will have their eye imaged during surgery, and researchers will collect related clinical data and previous eye care records for comparison. The images and data will be analyzed after surgery to explore new details captured by the 4D MIOCT system. Researchers will measure ease of use, surgical workflow impact, and the presence of normal and abnormal microanatomy based on the images. There is no extra risk beyond the usual surgery, and no new medications or procedures will be performed solely for research purposes.

Researchers are investigating the relationship between obesity and type 2 diabetes, conditions influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. This study aims to better understand how different genetic variations affect gene expression in tissues involved in glucose and lipid metabolism, which may contribute to what is called diabesity, a combined condition of diabetes and obesity. The study uses advanced genomic techniques and bioinformatics to analyze these factors in both humans and animal models. Participants in this observational study are grouped based on their body mass index BMI and diabetes or glucose intolerance status. Groups include individuals with BMI 35 kgm2 with diabetes, glucose intolerance, or without diabetes, as well as those with BMI < 27 kgm2 and BMI between 27 and 35 kgm2 without diabetes. Samples are collected during abdominal surgeries such as bariatric surgery or cholecystectomy to study gene expression and metabolic pathways. During the study, researchers collect biological samples at baseline and follow participants over several years to assess changes in gene expression and insulin resistance. They also evaluate clinical and biological features before and after bariatric surgery at 1, 2, and 5 years. The primary measurement focuses on gene expression in tissues related to glucose metabolism. This long-term observation helps to understand the genetic and phenotypic factors influencing obesity and diabetes, with participation lasting up to 5 years.

Researchers are evaluating a program called LINKED-HEARTS aimed at improving health outcomes for adults with uncontrolled high blood pressure who also have type 2 diabetes or chronic kidney disease. This trial involves 600 adults receiving care at community health centers and compares usual care with an enhanced program that includes home blood pressure monitoring linked to telemonitoring technology and team-based support. The goal is to reduce blood pressure, lower blood sugar levels, and improve kidney function through integrated clinical and community support. The study has two groups one receives enhanced usual care with home blood pressure monitors, and the other participates in the LINKED-HEARTS Program. Participants in the LINKED-HEARTS group will use the Omron 10 series blood pressure monitor with the Sphygmo telemonitoring app. They will also receive education and support from community health workers and telehealth visits with pharmacists who collaborate with providers to optimize medication. The enhanced usual care group also uses the blood pressure monitor with training but receives standard care from their primary doctors. Participants will measure and transmit blood pressure data using the telemonitoring app, and their health will be tracked over 12 months. Researchers will assess blood pressure control, changes in blood pressure readings, blood sugar levels, body mass index, kidney function, and quality of life. The study includes regular monitoring and support to help participants manage their chronic conditions. Total participation lasts at least one year, with outcome measurements at baseline, 12 months, and some quality of life assessments continuing to 24 months.

Researchers are evaluating if the drugs Empagliflozin and Semaglutide, alone or combined, can improve blood sugar control by increasing time-in-range in adults with Type 1 Diabetes who use Automated Insulin Delivery AID systems. This study also monitors the safety of these drugs in this setting. It is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 3 crossover trial designed to compare the effects of these treatments in the same participants. Participants will receive four different treatment combinations through a crossover design semaglutide injection plus empagliflozin tablet, semaglutide injection plus placebo tablet, placebo injection plus empagliflozin tablet, and placebo injection plus placebo tablet. Semaglutide is given by weekly subcutaneous injection with a 12-week dose escalation period to reach a stable dose. Empagliflozin or its placebo is taken daily by tablet. Washout periods between treatments help avoid carryover effects. During the study, participants will use their personal AID systems continuously while researchers collect continuous glucose monitoring data to measure time-in-range and other blood sugar outcomes. Questionnaires will assess diabetes distress and treatment satisfaction after each intervention period. Safety is closely monitored throughout, including tracking adverse events and providing rescue medications for low blood sugar. The entire participation involves multiple treatment periods with careful monitoring and data collection.

Diabetic Macular Edema DME is a complication of diabetes that causes swelling in the central part of the retina, leading to vision loss. This condition results from changes in the small blood vessels of the retina, causing leakage and retinal thickening, often linked to increased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF. DME is a common cause of blindness in people with diabetes, and it is especially significant in Bangladesh due to the high number of adults living with diabetes. This study compares the effectiveness and safety of two treatments for DME a proposed biosimilar of Ranibizumab and Lucentis, both given as 0.5 mg injections into the eye every four weeks. A total of 70 adults with DME will be randomly assigned to receive one of these treatments in three doses over eight weeks. Safety visits will occur 48 hours after each injection, and the study concludes with an evaluation visit at week 12. Participants will undergo vision tests and imaging of the retina at the start and end of the study to measure changes in visual acuity and retinal thickness. Safety will be monitored throughout with follow-up visits shortly after each injection. Researchers will track how many patients maintain or improve their vision and assess any side effects. The total participation time for each patient is approximately 12 weeks.

Researchers are investigating how metabolism, body composition, and body surface area relate in both healthy individuals and those with metabolic conditions such as diabetes, obesity, renal disease, or cancer. The study aims to improve the accuracy of metabolic rate measurements, which have traditionally relied on simple formulas using height and weight, which may not work well for everyone. Participants will spend two days and one night in the hospital during each visit. They will provide medical history, answer questions about their activity, diet, and lifestyle, and consume a special diet. They will undergo various tests including breathing gas measurements while lying under a clear hood, body scanning on a padded table and with a 3D scanner, electrical signal speed testing through the body, hand strength measurement, and collection of blood and urine after drinking salty water. Participants may return up to eight times per year with at least two weeks between visits. During the study, participants will be evaluated through these tests and questionnaires to understand their resting energy expenditure and body measurements. The primary outcomes include comparing measured versus predicted body surface area and determining how measured body surface area relates to energy expenditure independent of body composition. The study will continue until July 2031, and participants health and ability to complete tests will be monitored throughout their involvement.

Researchers are evaluating the efficacy, safety, and patient-reported outcomes of GZR4 compared to Insulin Icodec in adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus T2DM who are already being treated with basal insulin. This Phase IIIb clinical study aims to better understand how these treatments perform, either alone or with other non-insulin antidiabetic agents, in managing blood sugar levels in this population. The study involves two groups one receiving GZR4 and the other receiving Insulin Icodec. Both treatments are administered subcutaneously once weekly using a treat-to-target dosing approach. Participants will continue their basal insulin treatment during the study period. Participants will be monitored over 26 weeks, with researchers measuring changes in HbA1c levels from baseline to week 26 as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes include tracking hypoglycemia events, adverse events, and changes in weight. Safety and treatment effects will be assessed through regular visits and evaluations throughout the study period.

Researchers are evaluating how well different doses of a medicine called BI 3812465 are tolerated in adults with diabetic macular edema that affects the center of the eye. This is the first time BI 3812465 is being given to humans. The study is a Phase IIIa trial conducted in two parts to investigate safety and tolerability of this treatment. In Part 1, a small group of participants receive low, medium, or high doses of BI 3812465 as injections into the back of the eye. Participants starting later receive higher doses only if lower doses are tolerated. In Part 2, a larger group is randomized into low, medium, or high dose groups, also receiving three eye injections of BI 3812465. The treatment is given sequentially with dose escalation based on safety. Participants stay in the study for up to seven months, attending 19 visits to the study site, with some visits possibly conducted at home. During these visits, doctors assess the severity of the eye condition and monitor any health problems related to the treatment. The study measures safety outcomes including dose limiting events and ocular adverse events over up to 169 days after treatment starts.

Researchers are evaluating the safety and preliminary effectiveness of THN391 in people with diabetic macular edema DME related to non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. This Phase 1b study focuses on how different doses of THN391 affect vision and retinal swelling in this eye condition. Participants will be enrolled into three groups receiving escalating doses of THN391 through intravitreal IVT injections. Each participant will receive three monthly injections of THN391 at low, medium, or high doses. The study is open-label and sequential, meaning all participants and researchers know the treatment given, and dosing increases with each group. During the study, participants will be monitored for adverse events for up to 16 weeks after their first injection. Researchers will also measure changes in visual acuity and retinal edema to assess treatment effects. Participation involves multiple visits for injections and assessments over approximately 4 months.

Researchers are studying the use of VX-01, an oral medication, to treat people with moderate to severe Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy NPDR, a condition related to diabetes affecting the eyes. This Phase 2 clinical trial aims to evaluate how effective and safe VX-01 is compared to a placebo over one year of treatment, including how the body processes the drug and its effects on the disease. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups one group will receive VX-01 tablets at a dose of 150 mg twice daily, and the other group will receive placebo tablets twice daily. The treatment period lasts 52 weeks, followed by a 12-week follow-up after treatment ends. The study is double-masked, meaning neither participants nor study staff know which treatment is being taken during the trial. During the study, participants will have their vision and eye health regularly assessed using standardized tests such as the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study ETDRS letter score and diabetic retinopathy severity scores. Safety will be monitored by tracking any adverse events. Participants must attend scheduled visits for evaluations and agree to avoid other investigational studies during the trial. The main goal is to see how VX-01 affects diabetic retinopathy after one year of daily treatment.