Vitamin Deficiency

Children with short bowel syndrome SBS have reduced intestinal length or function, causing poor absorption of nutrients and requiring intravenous nutrition parenteral nutrition, PN to sustain hydration and nutrition. Long-term PN use can lead to serious complications including liver failure. This study evaluates the RELiZORB enzyme cartridge, a device designed to improve fat digestion and absorption by predigesting fats in enteral feeding tubes, potentially reducing the need for PN in children aged 2 to 18 years who are PN dependent. Participants will use the RELiZORB device connected inline with their enteral feeding tubes daily for 90 days. The device mimics pancreatic lipase to digest fats before they enter the intestine, bypassing the need for bile acid emulsification. Tube feeds run across the device to enhance fat absorption. This open-label, single-group trial monitors changes in PN calories, growth, fecal fat, plasma fatty acids, and nutrition intake over the study period. During the study, participants will have assessments at multiple timepoints including days 7, 14, 28, 60, and 90. Researchers will measure effectiveness by changes in PN calorie requirements and weight, monitor safety by tracking adverse events, and evaluate tolerability. The study also involves tracking growth, stool fat content, blood fatty acid levels, and nutrition intake. The total participation duration is 90 days, with regular clinic visits for monitoring and data collection.

The global population of older adults is rapidly growing, with a significant increase in those aged 65 and over, especially in China. Frailty, a condition marked by reduced strength and function across multiple body systems, is common among the elderly and can lead to serious health issues such as falls, disability, hospitalization, and increased mortality. This trial aims to explore the characteristics and influencing factors of frailty in community-dwelling older adults in China, as well as to evaluate how nutritional and combined nutrition-exercise interventions affect frailty progression and management in this population. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups for a 3-month intervention period followed by a 9-month follow-up. The first group receives a multifaceted nutrition intervention including anti-inflammatory dietary plans, personalized nutritional management with daily dietary tracking via WeChat, and biweekly health education sessions for participants and caregivers. The second group receives the same nutrition intervention combined with a structured exercise program conducted three times a week, featuring warm-up, aerobic, resistance strength, and relaxation training overseen by professional coaches. The control group will continue with routine community health management including chronic disease education, counseling, and health examinations. During the study, participants will undergo evaluations at baseline, after the 3-month intervention, and at 3, 6, and 12 months follow-up to assess physical performance using the Short Physical Performance Battery SPPB and frailty scores. Additional measures include assessments of frailty trajectories, nutritional risk, intrinsic capacity, quality of life, cognitive function, sleep quality, serum protein and inflammatory markers, and adverse events. Data will be collected via validated questionnaires, clinical exams, and laboratory tests to understand the sustainability and impact of the interventions over time.

Researchers are evaluating the effects of a dietary supplement on blood-based nutritional biomarkers in healthy children aged 4 to 15 years. This pilot clinical study aims to gather preliminary data on how the supplement influences serum levels of vitamin D, vitamin B12, folate, omega-3 fatty acids, and other blood count parameters. The study is conducted by SF Research Institute, Inc. and focuses on understanding nutritional status through biomarker changes. The study involves a single group of participants who will take an investigational gummy dietary supplement called Kids Multi & Omegas. Children will be instructed to take two gummies once daily, with or without food, for a total of 4 weeks. Blood samples will be collected at the start and end of the study to assess changes in selected serum nutritional biomarkers. Participants will also undergo measurements of height, weight, and body mass index, and complete a socioeconomic questionnaire. Participants will attend two clinic visits one for screening and baseline assessments and another at the end of the 4-week supplementation period. During the study, children or their caregivers will keep a daily diary recording supplement intake, medication use, and any side effects. Researchers will review compliance, collect blood samples, and assess changes in nutritional biomarkers and physical measurements. The total study duration for each participant is approximately 4 weeks.

Researchers are studying the safety and effects of two drugs, PF-08653945 and PF-08653944, given alone or together for weight loss in adults with overweight or obesity. This Phase 2b trial compares these drugs to a placebo to better understand their impact on body weight over time. The study is designed to evaluate different doses and combinations of these drugs to find the most effective approach. Participants receive subcutaneous injections of either PF-08653945 alone, PF-08653945 combined with PF-08653944, PF-08653944 alone, or a placebo. The study uses a randomized, double-blind design with multiple cohorts receiving different drug combinations or placebo. Treatments are administered as injections under the skin over a planned period of 48 weeks, with follow-up extending to 70 weeks to monitor safety and outcomes. During the study, participants will have their body weight measured at baseline and regularly through Week 48 and Week 60 to track changes. Researchers will assess the percentage of weight loss and monitor any treatment-emergent or serious adverse events up to Week 70. Participants will attend scheduled visits for injections and evaluations throughout the trial, which lasts for over a year in total.

Researchers are studying how a single dose of sodium bicarbonate affects physical performance and blood markers in highly trained female basketball players aged 16 to 35. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial aims to fill the knowledge gap on how this supplement may support repeated high-intensity efforts in women, as previous studies mainly involved men. The study focuses on basketball players who regularly engage in training and competition. Participants will receive a single oral dose of sodium bicarbonate at 0.3 gkg body weight or a placebo in identical capsules 90 minutes before exercise testing. The study uses a crossover design where each participant receives both treatments separated by a washout period. This setup allows researchers to compare individual responses to the supplement versus placebo under controlled laboratory conditions. Throughout the study, participants will attend several visits including familiarization, baseline, and two experimental sessions. During these visits, they will complete repeated modified Wingate Anaerobic Tests and countermovement jumps while researchers measure power output, blood biochemical markers such as bicarbonate and pH, oxygen uptake, heart rate, perceived exertion, gastrointestinal symptoms, and body composition. These assessments will help evaluate the effects of sodium bicarbonate on physical capacity and biochemical responses in this athletic population.

This research aims to reduce food insecurity by improving access to plant-based healthy foods, enhancing nutrition literacy, and improving health among food-insecure families. It focuses on families living under the federal poverty line and involves both children and adults up to 99 years old. The study evaluates different approaches to increasing consumption of unprocessed and minimally processed fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and nuts or seeds over one year. Participants join one of four study arms based on their eligibility and interest. In the dual intervention arm, participants attend five weekly nutrition classes with age-appropriate interactive activities and receive a food prescription voucher to pick up plant-based meals from a food pantry. Some arms involve nutrition education only, with classes tailored by age, while others provide food without a prescription. Food pickup is expected twice a week for up to a year, providing enough meals for household members. During the study, participants complete surveys and nutrition knowledge tests before and after each class, with additional follow-up surveys every three months and a final knowledge test one year after starting. Researchers monitor servings of healthy plant-based foods consumed and assess food insecurity status and nutrition knowledge changes. The study includes families receiving care from specific primary care clinics, and participation spans up to one year with regular assessments and support.

This observational study focuses on patients with end stage kidney disease ESKD undergoing haemodialysis HD or haemodiafiltration HDF. It aims to understand differences in middle molecules clearance and patient outcomes between high 23 Litres and low <23 Litres convection volume HDF treatments. The study also evaluates how dialysate fluid sodium concentration 137 vs 140 mmolL affects overhydration volume in patients receiving HD and HDF. Participants are observed in groups based on their treatment type those receiving high or low convection volume HDF and those dialysing with different dialysate sodium concentrations 137 or 140 mmolL. No additional interventions are administered, as this study monitors routine dialysis treatments to assess toxin clearance, fluid status, and sodium balance in real-world settings. Participants will be monitored for 12 months to assess the effect of convection volume and dialysate sodium concentration on middle molecules clearance and patient-reported outcomes such as fatigue and recovery time. Long-term follow-up over 5 years will examine the relationship between middle molecule clearance and major cardiovascular events and hospitalizations. Data collection includes clinical evaluations, patient questionnaires, fluid status measurements, and biochemical markers to comprehensively assess dialysis adequacy and patient health.

Researchers are studying the effects of arginine supplementation on immune function in infants who have undergone major bowel surgery or have necrotising enterocolitis. This exploratory study will compare gene expression related to immune response in preterm and term infants receiving different nutrition regimens. The goal is to understand how arginine affects genes involved in nutrition and infection in postoperative babies. The study involves 48 infants divided into three groups one receiving standard parenteral nutrition without added arginine, one receiving parenteral nutrition with added arginine plus oral arginine supplementation, and one receiving standard parenteral nutrition with oral arginine supplementation only. Arginine dosing will begin with the first enteral feeds and adjust based on feeding progress. Treatment lasts up to 30 days post-surgery or diagnosis. Participants will have blood samples collected at specified intervals up to 30 days after surgery to analyze gene expression, amino acid levels, ammonia, and metabolomics. Routine nutritional intake and clinical lab data will also be recorded. Researchers will assess changes in immune-related gene activity, metabolomic profiles, and growth during the study period. The study is conducted across two neonatal centers under a neonatal partnership.

This observational study explores how different dietsvegan, vegetarian, or omnivorousaffect brain tissue biomarkers in healthy young adults. The research focuses on measuring the blood levels of neurofilament light chain NfL and glial fibrillary acidic protein GFAP to understand if these dietary patterns influence these brain-related markers. Participants are grouped based on their diet type omnivore, vegan, or vegetarian. The study does not involve any treatment or intervention but observes participants who have maintained their diet for at least one year. The main measurement is taken once at the start of the study to assess blood levels of NfL and GFAP. During the study, participants provide blood samples at baseline for biomarker analysis. Researchers monitor these levels to assess the impact of diet on brain health indicators. The study includes healthy volunteers aged 18 to 40 years and involves no treatment or follow-up visits beyond the initial assessment. Participation in the study lasts according to the single baseline measurement timeline.

Researchers are investigating the effects of sweet almonds on healing femur and tibia shaft fractures compared to routine vitamin D3 supplements. This study addresses the need for an affordable and safe alternative to bone-strengthening drugs, which often cause side effects and are costly. The trial focuses on patients with vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency, assessing the potential of almonds to improve bone healing and vitamin D levels in the blood. The trial is a single-center, open-label, crossover randomized controlled study involving 136 participants aged 18 to 55 with trauma-related femur and tibia shaft fractures. Participants are divided into two groups based on their vitamin D levels and receive treatments including daily whole almonds 5 gramsday and weekly oral vitamin D3 200,000 units in various sequences with washout periods. Group 1 includes vitamin D insufficient patients receiving almonds and vitamin D3 in a crossover design, while Group 2 includes vitamin D deficient patients receiving vitamin D3 alone, almonds alone, or a combination followed by crossover treatments. Participants undergo follow-up visits at 4 and 13 weeks post-treatment, where fracture healing is monitored through routine X-rays and Radiological Union Score for Tibial fractures RUST. Safety is closely assessed, with adverse events recorded and managed according to international guidelines. The study also tracks treatment adherence with daily diaries and compares costs and changes in blood vitamin D levels. Patients may withdraw at any time without losing their rights, and the study will be completed within 24 months including a close-out period.