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This research aims to understand cardiovascular disease CVD in the Ballana population in Egypt by studying its incidence, prevalence, progression, and risk factors including genetic background. The study will create a valuable foundation for cardiovascular research and assist in designing future studies and informing health policies. It focuses on defining the cardiovascular characteristics, genetic information, and other biological markers for CVD in this population over a long period. The study will randomly select 1,200 households in Ballana to participate. After enrolling, participants will have their cardiovascular profiles assessed, including clinical, laboratory, and genetic data collection. High-risk participants will be followed annually, while others will be evaluated every three years. This follow-up will continue for up to 30 years to monitor changes and cardiovascular events. Participants will be involved in regular assessments of their cardiovascular health, including risk evaluations and data collection on genetics and other health indicators. Researchers will continuously monitor cardiovascular risk over the 30-year period. The study includes consent procedures and requires participants to have a valid National ID. The long-term follow-up will provide detailed information on cardiovascular risk and progression in this community.

Acne vulgaris is a common inflammatory skin condition affecting the hair follicles, mostly seen in teenagers and young adults aged 12 to 24. This study focuses on adults aged 18 to 40 with moderate to severe acne, aiming to assess serum catestatin levels, a peptide involved in immunity and inflammation, before and after treatment. Researchers investigate the relationship between catestatin and acne severity, along with the response to oral isotretinoin treatment. Participants are divided into two groups around 30 patients with moderate to severe acne and about 30 healthy individuals. The study evaluates serum catestatin levels and the effects of oral isotretinoin, a medication known to reduce acne severity, over a 12-week period. The trial compares catestatin levels between acne sufferers and healthy controls and monitors changes after isotretinoin treatment. During the study, participants will have blood samples taken to measure catestatin levels and undergo evaluations related to acne severity. The primary outcomes include changes in catestatin levels and the clinical effects of isotretinoin after 12 weeks. The trial runs from January 2025 to January 2026, involving random assignment to study or control groups, with no masking applied.

The trial aims to define the genetic makeup of a healthy Egyptian population to better understand the clinical significance of gene mutations found in patients with hereditary cardiomyopathies. Researchers focus on developing and validating genetic tests to identify inherited heart muscle diseases within the Egyptian community. This effort helps establish a baseline of normal genetic variation specific to Egyptians, which is crucial for interpreting genetic results in patients and their families. The study involves whole genome sequencing of healthy Egyptian volunteers and compares their genetic data to that of patients diagnosed with hereditary cardiomyopathies and their relatives. This observational study collects genetic information without intervention, creating a unique resource on Egyptian genetic variation to support future clinical assessments and research. Participants provide genetic samples and may undergo assessments including medical history and possibly imaging if indicated. Researchers analyze the genetic data over a 10-year period to understand human genetic variation in Egyptians. The study monitors participant safety by excluding individuals with known heart or collagen vascular diseases and follows up on data collected to support genetic research. Participation duration varies, with ongoing data collection and analysis planned.

Researchers are evaluating the effects of adding either fentanyl or dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine in single shot spinal analgesia during normal labor. This randomized controlled trial aims to compare how these combinations influence pain relief, specifically by measuring the visual analogue scale VAS for pain, the onset, and the duration of analgesia. The study is phase 4 and focuses on improving pain management for women in normal labor. The study involves three groups one receiving 2.5 mg bupivacaine with 25 micrograms fentanyl, another receiving 2.5 mg bupivacaine with 5 micrograms dexmedetomidine, and a control group receiving 2.5 mg bupivacaine with saline. The drugs are administered intrathecally as a single shot at the L3-L4 spinal level. After administration, participants are positioned to prevent aortocaval compression, and pain levels are monitored frequently over about 6 hours. Additional medications like pethidine may be given if pain remains high. Maternal vital signs and side effects are continuously observed and managed. Participants will undergo baseline assessments including demographic data, pain scores, and vital signs before intervention. Pain is assessed regularly using the VAS scale, and maternal blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation are monitored closely. Side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and shivering are recorded, along with newborn Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes. The study measures the onset and duration of analgesia, changes in pain levels, maternal satisfaction, and obstetric and neonatal outcomes. The total observation period for measurements is approximately 6 hours after the spinal analgesia.

Researchers are comparing the effects of different ultrasound-guided wrist block combinations for hand surgery. The study evaluates bupivacane alone, bupivacane with dexamethasone, bupivacane with dexametmiodine, and bupivacane combined with both dexamethasone and dexametmiodine to understand their impact on postoperative pain relief. This Phase 4 study aims to assess how these treatments affect pain management after surgery. Participants are divided into four groups receiving different wrist block treatments using ultrasound guidance. Each group gets a 15 ml injection one with bupivacane alone, one with bupivacane plus 8 mg dexamethasone, one with bupivacane plus 50 mcg dexametmiodine, and the last with bupivacane combined with both dexamethasone and dexametmiodine. These interventions are administered before hand surgery to evaluate pain control effects. During the study, researchers will collect medical and surgical histories and baseline vital signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation. Postoperative pain will be measured using the Numeric Rating Scale NRS at 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery. If pain exceeds a score of 4, patients will receive 5 mg nalbufin. Patient satisfaction will also be recorded through a survey. The primary outcome is the effectiveness of each wrist block combination in controlling pain over 24 hours.

Researchers are evaluating the safety and effectiveness of two methods for blood transfusion in women experiencing major obstetric hemorrhage during cesarean sections. The study focuses on comparing manual syringing using 20 mL syringes and pneumatic pressure bags inflated to 300 mmHg. The main goals include assessing which method causes more red blood cell destruction hemolysis, which stabilizes vital signs faster, and differences in blood product usage, complications, and hospital stay length. The trial is a prospective, randomized controlled study conducted at a single center. Women aged 18 to 45 undergoing cesarean section with major hemorrhage are randomly assigned to receive blood transfusions via manual syringing or pneumatic pressure bags. All participants have vascular access through multiple cannulae and are closely monitored for vital signs and transfusion-related complications. Blood samples are collected at baseline and six hours after transfusion to check markers of hemolysis. Participants undergo continuous monitoring of blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen levels to determine the time to hemodynamic stability. Researchers track transfusion complications during hospitalization and for 30 days after surgery. The study measures primary outcomes such as hemolysis incidence using laboratory markers and secondary outcomes including hemodynamic stability achievement, blood volume transfused, and complications. The total participation duration includes the treatment period and postoperative follow-up for safety.

Psoriasis vulgaris is a common immune-related inflammatory skin condition that affects many people worldwide, including those in Egypt. It causes red, scaly plaques on the skin and can significantly reduce quality of life. This study explores the role of vaspin, an adipokine produced by fat tissue, and its gene variations in the development and severity of psoriasis. Researchers aim to understand how vaspin gene polymorphism relates to psoriasis risk and disease progression. The study will involve about 30 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 30 healthy participants as a control group. Researchers will measure vaspin gene polymorphism and assess disease severity using the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index PASI score. This observational study does not involve medical treatments but focuses on genetic and serum analysis to find links between vaspin and psoriasis. Participants will undergo genetic testing and severity assessments over a 12-month period. The main outcome is detecting vaspin gene polymorphism and its relationship to psoriasis. The study also monitors serum vaspin levels and disease severity. Participation involves regular evaluations but no experimental therapies. The study aims to improve understanding of psoriasis pathogenesis and potential markers for the disease.

Researchers are evaluating whether combining daily tadalafil 5 mg with on-demand sildenafil 100 mg improves erectile function in men with erectile dysfunction ED who do not respond to PDE5 inhibitors alone. This Phase 4 clinical trial aims to see if this combination leads to greater improvement in erectile function compared to on-demand sildenafil alone, while also assessing safety and tolerability in this patient group. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups one receiving daily tadalafil 5 mg plus on-demand sildenafil 100 mg, and the other receiving daily placebo plus on-demand sildenafil 100 mg. The treatment period lasts 12 weeks, during which participants take the assigned medications. Follow-up assessments occur at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. This study uses a quadruple-blind design to ensure unbiased results. During the study, participants undergo baseline assessments including medical history, physical exams, and lab tests. They complete questionnaires like the International Index of Erectile Function IIEF-15 and the Erection Hardness Score EHS at baseline and follow-up visits. Researchers monitor changes in erectile function scores, patient satisfaction, and any adverse effects throughout the 12-week treatment. The main outcome is the change in IIEF-5 score from baseline to 12 weeks.

Focal vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disorder that causes white patches by targeting pigment-producing cells called melanocytes. This condition affects males and females almost equally and usually begins before age 30. The study evaluates and compares the effects of topical tyrosine and topical 5-fluorouracil 5-FU combined with fractional erbium YAG laser treatment for focal vitiligo, aiming to explore new therapeutic options beyond traditional immune modulators. Participants will receive six sessions of fractional erbium YAG laser every two weeks. One group will apply topical 5-FU cream once daily for two weeks immediately after each laser session, while the other group will apply 2% tyrosine cream twice daily continuously between and after laser sessions. This study is randomized and compares these two active treatment approaches to assess their potential for repigmentation. During the study, participants will be monitored for treatment response over one year. Researchers will assess the extent of repigmentation and vitiligo treatment effectiveness. Safety and tolerability will also be observed, with regular visits aligned with the laser sessions and topical application periods. The total study duration extends from June 2026 to June 2027.

Researchers are conducting the Egyptian Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy HCM Program to understand the incidence, severity, and characteristics of HCM in Egypt. The study also aims to explore genetic factors and the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms that influence the diseases different forms. A key focus is on patients who have genetic markers but no symptoms, which may provide insight into how the disease develops. The program involves detailed characterization of patients and their relatives through clinical, genetic, and laboratory assessments. It includes training for Egyptian medical professionals in advanced diagnostic and treatment techniques. The study uses state-of-the-art medical, surgical, and interventional methods tailored to each patients condition, with ongoing collection and analysis of human tissue samples from surgical procedures. Participants will undergo regular follow-ups approximately once per year, over an average of five years, to monitor disease progression and severity through clinical exams, imaging, and genetic testing. The study measures include the incidence of HCM, clinical severity, cardiac phenotype, and genotype correlations. This long-term observation aims to improve understanding and management of HCM in Egypt while supporting advanced training and research development.