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Researchers are conducting a long-term study to understand cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence, progression, and related risk factors including genetic background in a defined population in Egypt. This population-based study aims to provide valuable data to support cardiovascular research and help shape future studies and health policies. The study focuses on collecting detailed cardiovascular profiles, genetic information, and other biological data over an extended period. The study will begin by selecting a random representative sample of 1,200 households from the Ballana population. Participants will undergo comprehensive risk assessments that include clinical evaluations, laboratory tests, and genetic data collection after giving informed consent. High-risk participants will be followed up every year, while others will have follow-ups every three years, continuing for up to 30 years. Participants will be involved in regular cardiovascular screenings and assessments to track changes in their cardiovascular health and any events. Researchers will collect data on cardiovascular phenotypes, genotypes, and other biological markers, monitoring risk factors and disease progression. The study includes long-term follow-up evaluations to assess cardiovascular risk over three decades, contributing to the understanding and prevention of CVD in this community.

Forensic anthropometry involves measuring the physical dimensions of the human body and is crucial for personal identification, especially in determining sex from fragmented body parts. This study compares the accuracy of anthropometric hand measurements and radiologic examination of hand bones for identifying sex, addressing challenges faced when only dismembered body parts are available. The focus is on the population of Upper Egypt, with an emphasis on finding a reliable and cost-effective method for sex determination. Participants undergo two main procedures: anthropometric measurements of the hand to assess sex determination accuracy using hand indexes, and x-ray radiographs of the same hand to measure the length of the metacarpals. The study aims to compare these two methods to identify which is the best and least costly for sex identification. These procedures help evaluate the potential of hand measurements and bone radiology as forensic tools. Throughout the study, participants' hands are assessed for measurements and radiologic parameters, with attention to any physical deformities or anomalies. The primary outcome measured is the accuracy of sex determination at 6 months. The study includes Egyptian volunteers aged 18 to 50 years, monitoring the effectiveness of these methods in forensic identification within this demographic.

Acne vulgaris is a common and persistent inflammatory skin condition affecting the pilosebaceous unit, especially in teenagers and young adults aged 12 to 24. This condition involves factors such as abnormal skin cell shedding, bacterial growth, inflammation, and increased oil production, leading to different types of acne lesions that can cause scarring and pigmentation. Catestatin, a peptide involved in immunity and inflammation, is being studied for its role in acne and how its levels change with treatment. The study evaluates serum catestatin levels in people with moderate to severe acne compared to healthy individuals. Participants receive oral isotretinoin, a medication approved since 1982 known to reduce acne by shrinking oil glands, decreasing oil production, and controlling inflammation and bacteria. Researchers measure catestatin levels before and after 12 weeks of isotretinoin treatment to understand its effect. During the study, participants undergo blood tests to assess catestatin levels and the impact of isotretinoin on their acne. Researchers monitor the serum catestatin over 12 weeks to evaluate treatment response. The study focuses on safety and effectiveness of isotretinoin and tracks changes in acne severity and related biological markers throughout the treatment period.

Researchers are working to define the genetic makeup of healthy Egyptian adults to better understand the clinical importance of gene mutations found in patients with inherited heart muscle diseases. This effort is part of a larger project aimed at developing tests to identify genetic factors involved in inherited cardiomyopathies within the Egyptian population. Since genetic sequencing can detect many variations, it is essential to compare these findings with data from healthy individuals in the same population. The study involves sequencing the entire genomes of healthy Egyptian volunteers and comparing their genetic information to that of Egyptian patients diagnosed with various hereditary cardiomyopathies. This comparison will help create a unique reference database of genetic variations in Egyptians, which is crucial for accurately interpreting the significance of gene changes found in patients and their families. Participants will provide genetic samples that researchers will analyze over a long-term period to understand human genetic variation in Egyptians. The study includes careful evaluation of genetic data and excludes individuals with known heart or connective tissue diseases, pregnancy, or other specific health issues. Monitoring includes ensuring participants meet eligibility and consent requirements, with the overall goal of enhancing knowledge about inherited cardiovascular diseases in Egypt.

Researchers are evaluating the effectiveness of adding fentanyl versus dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine in single shot spinal analgesia during normal labor. The purpose is to compare how these combinations affect pain relief by looking at pain scores, onset time, and duration of analgesia. This is a Phase 4 randomized control trial involving women undergoing vaginal delivery in normal labor. The study involves giving participants one of three intrathecal injections: 2.5 mg bupivacaine with 25 micrograms fentanyl, 2.5 mg bupivacaine with 5 micrograms dexmedetomidine, or 2.5 mg bupivacaine with 0.5 ml saline. The spinal analgesia is administered at the L3-L4 level using a 25-gauge needle while the participant is sitting. After injection, participants lie down with a wedge under the right buttocks to prevent aortocaval compression. Pain levels are tracked frequently over 6 hours, and additional pain medication is given if needed. Participants have their vital signs monitored regularly, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation. Side effects like hypotension, nausea, vomiting, and others are recorded. Pain relief onset and duration are measured using a visual analogue scale. Obstetric and newborn outcomes, including Apgar scores, are also collected. The study lasts through the labor period with careful observation before and after analgesia administration.

This research evaluates the effects of different combinations of medications used during ultrasound-guided wrist blocks for hand surgery. The study compares the use of bupivacaine alone, bupivacaine with dexamethasone, bupivacaine with dexamethasone, and bupivacaine with both dexamethasone and dexamethasone. The goal is to understand how these combinations impact pain relief after surgery and to see which option provides the most effective anesthesia support in a phase 4 clinical setting. Participants are divided into four groups receiving different treatments: Group 1 gets a wrist block with 15 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine alone; Group 2 receives 0.25% bupivacaine combined with 8 mg dexamethasone in a total volume of 15 ml; Group 3 is given 0.25% bupivacaine plus 50 mcg dexamethasone in 15 ml; and Group 4 receives 0.25% bupivacaine with both 8 mg dexamethasone and 50 mcg dexamethasone. The administration is performed using ultrasound guidance to ensure accuracy. During the study, patients' medical and surgical histories are reviewed, and baseline measurements of heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation are taken. Pain relief duration is measured over 24 hours using a numeric rating scale (NRS), with pain levels recorded at 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery. Patients reporting pain above NRS 4 receive 5 mg nalbuphine. Additionally, patient satisfaction is assessed through surveys to monitor treatment outcomes and safety throughout the study period.

Researchers are evaluating the effectiveness and safety of video laryngoscopy compared to direct laryngoscopy for nasal intubation in patients with maxillofacial fractures. The study aims to see which method results in less nasal and oral bleeding, faster intubation times, higher success rates on the first attempt, less use of Magill forceps, and reduced need for cervical spine extension. Maxillofacial fractures often complicate airway management, and nasotracheal intubation is preferred in certain fracture types to avoid affecting jaw occlusion. The study compares two procedures: combined video laryngoscopy and bougie versus combined direct laryngoscopy and bougie for nasal intubation. Video laryngoscopy uses a camera to provide a better view of the airway on a screen, potentially reducing tissue trauma and improving intubation success. A bougie, a flexible plastic wand, is used to guide the tube through the nasal passage under vision, avoiding damage from forceps manipulation. Participants will be monitored for nasal and oropharyngeal bleeding at 5, 15, and 30 minutes after intubation, with an average assessment over 60 minutes. The study involves patients undergoing maxillofacial surgeries requiring nasotracheal intubation. Researchers will collect data on bleeding incidents, intubation success, procedure time, and safety outcomes during the surgery. The study includes adults aged 18 to 70 and monitors for bleeding complications related to the intubation method.

Researchers are comparing two methods of blood transfusion—manual syringing and pneumatic pressure bags—in women experiencing major obstetric hemorrhage during cesarean sections. The study aims to determine which method is safer by measuring the rate of red blood cell destruction (hemolysis) and which method more quickly stabilizes vital signs like blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen levels. This trial takes place in a resource-limited hospital setting where both methods are commonly used but have not been systematically evaluated against each other. Participants are women aged 18 to 45 undergoing cesarean section who have major obstetric hemorrhage, defined as blood loss over 1000 mL or unstable circulation. They are randomly assigned to receive blood transfusions either by manual syringing using 20 mL syringes or by pneumatic pressure bags inflated to 300 mmHg. Standard vascular access with multiple cannulae is used, and the treatments are given under close clinical monitoring. During the study, participants have blood samples taken before and six hours after transfusion to check for signs of hemolysis using laboratory markers like Lactate Dehydrogenase and indirect bilirubin. Vital signs are monitored to assess how quickly patients reach stable blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen levels. The study also tracks any transfusion-related complications during the hospital stay and up to 30 days afterward. The total number of participants planned is 50, with safety and efficacy compared between groups.

Psoriasis vulgaris is a common inflammatory skin disease affecting many people worldwide, including in Egypt where its prevalence ranges from 0.19% to 3%. It impacts quality of life and is linked to other health issues like psoriatic arthritis, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. The condition involves an immune response with T cells stimulating skin cell growth, leading to thick scaly plaques. Researchers are studying the vaspin gene polymorphism, which relates to a protein produced in fat tissue and skin cells, to understand its role in psoriasis and its severity. The study is evaluating the correlation between variations in the vaspin gene and serum vaspin levels in people with psoriasis vulgaris. This gene is coded by SERPNA12 and produces a protein thought to have anti-inflammatory effects and influence skin cell behavior. Participants include psoriasis patients who are newly diagnosed or have stopped treatment for at least six months. The study focuses on detecting links between the gene polymorphism, disease risk, and severity. Participants will be assessed over 12 months for the presence of vaspin gene polymorphism. The study involves collecting blood samples to measure serum vaspin levels and genetic analysis. Researchers will monitor the relationship between gene variations and psoriasis characteristics. The goal is to understand how this gene affects the disease's pathogenesis and risk, which may guide future treatments or diagnostics for psoriasis vulgaris.

This clinical trial focuses on men with erectile dysfunction (ED) who have not responded to PDE5 inhibitors. It aims to evaluate whether combining daily tadalafil 5 mg with on-demand sildenafil 100 mg improves erectile function better than on-demand sildenafil alone. The study also assesses the safety and tolerability of this combination therapy in this patient group. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: one receiving daily tadalafil 5 mg plus on-demand sildenafil 100 mg, and the other receiving daily placebo plus on-demand sildenafil 100 mg. The treatment period lasts 12 weeks, during which participants take their assigned medications as directed. Throughout the study, participants will undergo baseline assessments including medical history, physical exam, and lab tests. Follow-up evaluations at 4, 8, and 12 weeks include questionnaires measuring erectile function, assessments of erection hardness, and monitoring for any adverse effects. The main outcome measured is the change in erectile function from the start through 12 weeks of treatment.