Erbil

Researchers are evaluating the effect of a chest physiotherapy educational program on mothers' knowledge, practice, and the clinical outcomes of infants under 12 months old diagnosed with bronchiolitis by a physician. The study aims to determine whether chest physiotherapy improves infants' clinical outcomes and whether the educational program enhances mothers' abilities to perform the therapy effectively. Participants include infants with bronchiolitis and their mothers. The study compares two groups: one receiving routine hospital care (control group) and the other receiving routine care plus chest physiotherapy applied by mothers. The chest physiotherapy used in this study consists of classical techniques. Mothers in the intervention group are educated on how to apply these techniques to their infants. The infants will be monitored and followed up over a period of three days. During the study, researchers assess changes in clinical and physiological outcomes of the infants with bronchiolitis from baseline. Mothers' knowledge and practice regarding chest physiotherapy are also evaluated. The study includes monitoring for safety and effectiveness throughout the follow-up period. Participation involves close observation of the infants and gathering data on clinical progress and mothers' adherence to the physiotherapy education.

Researchers are investigating the use of 3D-printed shape memory clear aligners for treating adults with anterior dental open bite, a condition where the front teeth do not meet properly. This randomized clinical trial aims to compare three types of aligners: conventional clear aligners with attachments, 3D direct-printed shape memory aligners without attachments, and 3D direct-printed shape memory aligners with attachments. The study focuses on understanding the aligners' effects on molar intrusion, anterior teeth extrusion without attachments, stress distribution, and initial tooth movement. Participants will be divided into three groups receiving different aligner treatments. Treatment involves wearing clear aligners for about 8 to 14 months, with instructions to wear each aligner for at least 22 hours daily. The aligners are either thermoformed on 3D-printed models or directly 3D printed using biocompatible resins. Attachments, when used, are rectangular and placed on specific teeth. Measurements and digital scans, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and intraoral scanning, will be taken before and after the first series of aligners (15-20 aligners) to assess dental changes. Throughout the study, participants will undergo dental and skeletal evaluations using imaging software and cephalometric analysis to measure changes such as overbite and molar intrusion. Patient-reported outcome measures will also be collected before and after treatment to assess pain, function, satisfaction, and daily activity impact. Compliance will be monitored by participant self-reporting. The total study duration is expected to be about three years, with individual treatment lasting up to 14 months.

Researchers are evaluating the effectiveness and safety of High-Intensity Laser Therapy (HILT) compared to conventional physical therapy in adults with knee osteoarthritis, a common joint condition causing pain, stiffness, and reduced movement. This randomized comparative trial involves 100 patients aged 40 to 75 years diagnosed with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis. The study aims to determine whether HILT offers better pain relief, improved joint function, and positive biological changes than standard therapy. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either HILT combined with a therapeutic exercise program or conventional physical therapy modalities combined with the same exercises. HILT uses a four-wavelength laser system delivering high energy to promote tissue healing, reduce inflammation, and modulate cartilage-protective genetic markers. Conventional therapy includes therapeutic ultrasound and other standard physical modalities. Treatments will be carried out over an 8-week period at rheumatology and rehabilitation centers in Erbil, Iraq. Throughout the study, researchers will assess pain intensity using the WOMAC pain subscale and Visual Analogue Scale at 4 and 8 weeks. They will also evaluate joint function and structural changes via MRI scans, measuring cartilage thickness and joint irregularities. Laboratory tests before and after treatment will analyze inflammation, cartilage metabolism markers, and oxidative stress. Participants are expected to attend all sessions and follow-up assessments to monitor outcomes and safety during the study period.

This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of two different doses of bemiparin, an anticoagulant, as thromboprophylaxis in patients with morbid obesity undergoing surgery. Morbid obesity increases the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), a serious condition involving blood clots, especially after surgery. The study excludes orthopedic surgery patients to focus on non-orthopedic surgical patients and addresses the need for optimized anticoagulation dosing in this high-risk group. Participants will receive either bemiparin 3500 IU or 5000 IU administered by subcutaneous injection starting 6 hours after surgery. Depending on their VTE risk classified by the Caprini risk assessment model, patients will continue daily injections for up to 10 days if at moderate or high risk, or for 30 days if at very high risk. The study compares these two dosing regimens to determine which provides better thromboprophylaxis in morbidly obese surgical patients. During the study, researchers will monitor participants for VTE events such as deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism up to 30 days following surgery. Participants will be assessed for safety and treatment adherence, and their health status will be regularly evaluated. The study aims to improve prevention strategies for VTE in this vulnerable population by collecting data on outcomes and possible side effects over the treatment period.