Sialkot

This research aims to explore how combining aerobic exercise and strength training affects functional capacity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and quality of life in patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass grafting CABG. Post-CABG patients often face reduced physical abilities and quality of life due to surgery and cardiovascular disease, and cardiac rehabilitation is important to help improve these outcomes. The study is designed as a randomized controlled trial involving 42 patients between 30 and 60 years old with stable cardiovascular conditions. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups one group will perform aerobic exercise alone, while the other group will combine aerobic exercise with strength training. Aerobic exercise includes moderate-intensity arm cycling sessions, and strength training involves upper limb resistance exercises progressively increasing in intensity. Both exercise programs are supervised three times per week over six months, including warm-up, exercise, and cool-down periods. During the study, participants will undergo assessments such as the 6-minute walk test, step test, and VO2 max to measure functional capacity and cardiorespiratory fitness, along with the SF-12 questionnaire to assess quality of life. Data will be collected before and after the interventions and analyzed to understand which exercise approach may better benefit post-CABG patients. The study will last about 10 months, and safety and patient preferences will be respected throughout.

This research aims to evaluate the combined effects of low-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction BFR therapy on upper limb strength, forward reach, and sensorimotor function in patients who have experienced a stroke. Stroke can cause sudden neurological deficits affecting physical, cognitive, and emotional abilities, including difficulties with speech and movement. The study targets post-stroke patients aged 50 to 70 years, approximately one month after their stroke event. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups. The experimental group will perform low-intensity resistance exercises at 40% of their one-repetition maximum 1-RM using small weights 1-2 kg and resistance bands, with a blood pressure cuff applied to the upper limb at 150-160 mmHg to restrict blood flow. The comparison group will engage in conventional physical therapy involving sensorimotor exercises, strength training with weights and bands, and forward reaching activities. Both groups will exercise for 40 minutes per session, four days a week, over six weeks. Participants will be assessed at the start and after completing the six-week exercise program. Evaluations will include tests of upper extremity function, forward reach distance, and arm strength. Data will be analyzed to compare changes within and between groups. The study also involves monitoring participant progress and safety throughout the intervention period. Total participation spans the six-week treatment duration with assessments at baseline and post-intervention.

This research evaluates the effects of two different training approaches on adults who have survived a stroke more than six months ago and continue to have difficulties with walking, balance, muscle strength, and fall risk. The study focuses on chronic stroke patients aged 40 to 70 who experience motor impairments and muscle coordination challenges after their stroke. It aims to compare how dual-task gait training and repetitive task training impact dynamic balance, walking function, muscle strength, and the risk of falling. Participants are randomly assigned to one of two groups one group receives dual-task gait training, and the other undergoes repetitive task training. Both groups participate in individualized 45-minute training sessions three times per week for eight weeks. Dual-task training involves practicing balance tasks while performing cognitive tasks simultaneously, progressing through activities that challenge body stability and movement. Repetitive task training focuses on practicing functional tasks related to daily activities, such as washing, dressing, and eating, with repeated movements guided by a therapist to encourage carryover into daily life. Throughout the study, participants will be assessed before and after the eight-week training period using several measures. These include tests for walking function, balance confidence, muscle strength, and fall risk. Researchers will collect data using tools like the Time Up and Go test, Berg Balance Scale, Manual Muscle Testing, and the Activity Specific Balance and Confidence scale. The study involves regular monitoring and data analysis to understand the impact of these training methods on the participants recovery and safety.

This research aims to compare the effects of Pilates exercises with and without whole body vibration on posture, pain, and disability in young adults with upper cross syndrome. The study focuses on addressing posture issues like rounded shoulder posture, which is common due to prolonged sitting and technology use. Researchers will evaluate different exercise programs to determine if adding whole body vibration to Pilates exercises influences pain, posture, and disability outcomes in this population. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups one group will receive a Pilates exercise program combined with whole body vibration, and the other group will receive a traditional physical therapy program including stretching, strengthening, and postural correction exercises. Both groups will have sessions twice a week for four consecutive weeks. Before exercise sessions, hot packs will be applied for 15 to 20 minutes. The Pilates with whole body vibration group and the traditional therapy group will both complete sessions lasting about 55 minutes to one hour. During the study, participants will be assessed at baseline and after four weeks using measures such as the Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Universal Goniometer for range of motion, and the Modified Oswestry Disability Index for functional disability. Data will be analyzed to compare changes within and between groups. The trial includes detailed evaluations of posture, pain, and function to understand the benefits of the interventions. Participants will be monitored throughout the study period of six weeks.

Sciatica is characterized by pain along the sciatic nerve from the lower back to the legs, often accompanied by muscle weakness or numbness. These symptoms can affect balance, movement, and daily activities. Researchers are studying whether adding Kinesio taping to somatosensory motor control training improves pain, movement, balance, and disability in adults with disc-related sciatica. Participants are divided into two groups for a 6-week intervention. One group receives somatosensory motor control exercises, conventional treatment, and Kinesio taping, while the other group receives the same exercises and conventional treatment without taping. Sessions last 45 to 60 minutes, three times per week. Measurements are taken before and after the treatment period. During the study, participants undergo assessments including pain levels, lumbar spine movement, balance tests, and disability questionnaires. These are measured at baseline and after the 6-week intervention. Data analysis will determine if Kinesio taping adds benefits. The study is conducted under ethical approval, and participants are monitored throughout the trial period.

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome POTS is a condition marked by a significant rise in heart rate when moving from lying down to standing, often causing symptoms like dizziness, fatigue, brain fog, lightheadedness, rapid heartbeat, and palpitations. It mainly affects females of reproductive age and can be triggered by viral infections, trauma, or hormonal changes. During pregnancy, symptoms may worsen in the first trimester due to hormonal shifts and reduced blood volume, which then increases in the later trimesters. Breathing exercises may help regulate the nervous system by improving parasympathetic activity and reducing sympathetic activity. This randomized clinical trial will include 44 pregnant females with POTS aged 19 to 35 years, conducted at two hospitals over 10 months. Participants will be randomly assigned to two groups an experimental group performing diaphragmatic breathing exercises daily for 5 minutes over 30 days, and a control group receiving educational retraining focusing on gradual position changes, hydration, and use of compression garments. Both groups will also practice progressive muscle relaxation techniques as a baseline treatment. Participants will undergo assessments using the Vanderbilt Orthostatic Symptom Score to measure orthostatic intolerance, along with non-invasive blood pressure monitoring and pulse oximetry to track heart rate. Data collection will occur over 6 weeks, after which results will be analyzed. The study is double-blinded and aims to evaluate the effects of breathing retraining exercises on heart rate, blood pressure, and orthostatic intolerance in pregnant females with POTS.

Researchers are evaluating the combined effects of core stabilization exercises and Myofascial Induction Therapy on postpartum low-back pain, core endurance, and quality of life. This randomized controlled trial will involve 40 female patients aged 20 to 45 years who have experienced postpartum low-back pain. The study aims to better understand how these therapies might influence pain levels and physical function after childbirth. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups. The experimental group will receive Myofascial Induction Therapy along with core stabilization exercises three times a week for eight weeks. The control group will perform only core stabilization exercises with the same frequency and duration. Both groups will also receive baseline treatment including a hot pack and TENS therapy for 15 minutes. Core exercises include bird-dog, side bridges, curl-ups, and supine extension bridge, while Myofascial Induction Therapy focuses on techniques applied to the lumbar spine and hip-flexor region. Throughout the study, researchers will assess lumbar pain using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale, measure core endurance with the Supine Bridge test, and evaluate quality of life using the Short Form health survey SF-36. These assessments will be conducted before and after the 8-week treatment period. Data will be analyzed with specialized software to understand the effects of the therapies. The total participation duration for each patient is eight weeks.

This research aims to evaluate the combined effects of Otago exercises and systematic desensitization on balance, fall risk, and basophobia fear of falling in older adults who have survived a stroke. Stroke survivors often face increased risks of falls and fear related to falling, which can affect their rehabilitation and daily life. The study is a randomized controlled trial conducted over six months with 51 post-stroke participants aged 40 to 70 years. Participants are divided into three groups one receives Otago exercises combined with systematic desensitization and routine physical therapy the second group receives Otago exercises with routine physical therapy and the third group receives systematic desensitization with routine physical therapy. Each group follows a specific exercise and therapy session schedule including warm-up, balance and strength exercises, flexibility, relaxation training, gradual exposure, and feedback. Participants will be assessed before treatment, at four weeks, and after the intervention using tools like the Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go test, Functional Reach Test, Fall Risk Assessment Scale, Fall Efficacy Scale International, and a questionnaire on fear of fall avoidance behavior. Data will be analyzed to understand the effects on balance, fall risk, and basophobia. The study includes monitoring of progress and feedback throughout the sessions.

Hemophilia is a genetic bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency in clotting factors VIII or IX, which often leads to spontaneous or injury-related internal bleeding, especially in muscles and joints. Knee hemarthrosis, a common and painful complication in children with hemophilia, results in swelling, pain, and limited joint movement. Researchers are studying the effects of photobiomodulation, a non-invasive light therapy, on knee hemarthrosis in male patients aged 9 to 14 years to see if it can help reduce these symptoms alongside standard treatments. The study uses low-level laser therapy applied directly to the skin over the knee joint at multiple points around the patella. Treatment sessions last 10 minutes and are given three times a week after acute internal bleeding or swelling occurs. Patients receive this photobiomodulation therapy in addition to their usual care. The therapy aims to reduce inflammation and promote tissue repair by stimulating cellular activity. Participants will be evaluated before and after the treatment period. Researchers will measure pain intensity using a Visual Analogue Scale, swelling with a measuring tape, and joint range of motion with a goniometer. These assessments occur on the third day of treatment to track improvements in joint function and hemarthrosis severity. The total study period and detailed monitoring are designed to understand how photobiomodulation may support joint health in children with hemophilia.

Cerebral palsy is a condition affecting development and motor skills due to early non-progressive central nervous system damage, characterized by muscle rigidity, spasticity, fragility, and uncontrolled movements. This research aims to evaluate the effects of universal exercise unit therapy combined with task-oriented training on children with spastic cerebral palsy aged 5 to 15 years. The study uses a randomized clinical trial design to compare these therapies and their impacts on motor function and balance. Participants are divided into two groups Group A receives universal exercise unit therapy along with task-oriented strength training, which includes exercises like leg press, sit to stand, half knee rise, lateral step up, and forward step up. Group B receives task-oriented training focused on gross motor functioning, including standing transfer, stair climbing, walking and gait training, and reaching and grasping activities. Training sessions last for 6 weeks with two sessions per week. During the study, data will be collected before and after each training session using tools such as the Gross Motor Function Measure 88 GMFM 88, Trunk Impairment Scale TIS, and Pediatric Berg Balance Scale. Assessments will focus on lower extremity gross motor function and balance. The study will last for 10 months, with monitoring and analysis conducted using SPSS software. The trial is sponsored by Riphah International University and includes children who can understand and follow commands, walk, and stand independently.