Aleppo

This will be a multicenter cross-sectional study across the country. The online questionnaire will be conducted in different governorates and published online through social media. An online link to the web-based questionnaire will be developed using Google forms; it was self-designed based on questions used in previous similar studies\[1\]-\[5\].The questionnaire will take about 5-10 minutes to be completed by each participant. The questionnaire consists of eight sections. All participants fulfilling the inclusion criteria will be invited to participate. Snowball sampling will select the study participants with a confidence level of 95% and a margin of error of 5%. The lower limit of participants should be included is 200 healthcare workers. The questionnaire will be pre-tested on a small sample of participants to confirm the practicability and clarity of questions to check the content. Observations of the pilot study will not be included in the final analysis. Responses will be downloaded from Google form as an excel sheet, and data will be analyzed using SPSS version 28.

This research aims to evaluate how antibiotic prophylaxis affects the rate of wound infections after open repair surgery for primary elective groin hernias in patients considered high-risk. It is a Phase 3 randomized controlled trial involving patients who may have factors such as older age, diabetes, obesity, or compromised immune systems. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: one group will receive a single preoperative dose of the antibiotic Cefazolin (1 gram), while the other group will not receive antibiotic prophylaxis and will serve as the control group. This setup allows comparison of wound infection rates between those who receive the antibiotic and those who do not. During the study, researchers will monitor patients for wound infections and any complications up to 30 days after surgery. The main outcomes measured include the overall complication rate and specifically the rate of surgical site infections. Participants will be followed regularly to assess these outcomes and ensure safety throughout the study period.