Development and validation of the AzBio sentence lists.
Anthony J Spahr, Michael F Dorman, Leonid M Litvak...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21829134/Actively Recruiting
Led by The University of Texas at Dallas · Updated on 2026-08-10
24
Participants Needed
1
Research Sites
N/A
Total Duration
This research aims to evaluate the suitability and effectiveness of the AirPod Pro 2nd and 3rd generation as hearing assistive technology for adults with mild-to-moderate hearing loss. The study compares four types of assistive devices hearing aids, AirPod Pros, dedicated wireless remote microphones, and smartphone wireless remote microphones. The main focus is to determine which device offers the greatest benefit for speech recognition in noisy environments, how they affect listening effort, and participants preferences for ease of understanding and satisfaction. Participants will undergo a pure-tone hearing test to confirm eligibility, followed by fitting and programming of the AirPod Pros and hearing aids according to individual hearing loss. The study involves measuring speech recognition thresholds using adaptive noise levels, completing dual-task activities to assess listening effort with each device, and capturing pupil diameter changes as an objective measure of listening effort. These tasks are conducted in a single 3-hour lab session where each device is tested. During the session, participants will listen to sentences with each device and repeat what they hear while their reaction times and pupil sizes are recorded. They will also complete questionnaires rating the difficulty of understanding speech and their preferences for each device. The researchers will measure speech recognition thresholds, reaction times, pupil diameters, and subjective satisfaction immediately after using each assistive technology to understand their relative benefits in noisy settings.
CONDITIONS
Use of Airpod Pros as Assistive Technology
L
Linda Thibodeau, Ph.D.
S
Seeon Kim, Ph.D.
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The University of Texas at Dallas
Lead Sponsor
This table compares participation in this trial with other options available for this condition. The information is drawn from published research and the trial’s study details and is provided for educational purposes only.
| Factors | AirPods Pro (2nd/3rd gen), wireless microphones, and smartphone apps | Standard hearing aids (current clinical guideline recommendation) |
|---|---|---|
| What it is | Consumer-grade Apple AirPods Pro (2nd/3rd generation) and associated wireless microphone technologies are used as assistive hearing devices for mild-to-moderate adult-onset hearing loss. Participants also evaluate standard hearing aids, dedicated wireless microphones, and smartphone-based remote microphones within a research session. | Digitally programmable hearing aids professionally fitted for adults with mild-to-moderate hearing loss. Devices may include behind-the-ear (BTE), receiver-in-canal (RIC), or in-the-ear (ITE) models, personalized to the user's hearing profile and needs. |
| Primary use | To assess the effectiveness of consumer hearing devices, including AirPods Pro, compared to clinically established assistive hearing technologies for improving hearing ability and speech recognition in adults with mild-to-moderate hearing loss. | To provide personalized auditory amplification and improve speech perception, communication, and quality of life in adults with hearing impairment. |
| How it is used or given | Participants use AirPods Pro (2nd/3rd generation), standard hearing aids, and other wireless hearing technologies in structured, supervised test sessions to assess hearing and speech understanding. Devices are not fitted permanently and are evaluated in a research setting. | Hearing aids are fit and programmed by a licensed audiologist or hearing care provider based on individual hearing needs, typically worn daily during waking hours and adjusted for ongoing use and comfort. |
| Evidence status | The effectiveness of AirPods Pro and similar consumer devices as hearing assistive technology is under investigation. Results for real-world hearing improvement in this population are not yet established. | Multiple high-quality studies and current clinical guidelines support the use of conventional hearing aids for improved speech understanding, hearing function, and quality of life in adults with mild-to-moderate hearing loss. |
| Important limitations | Device fitting is not individualized and long-term performance outside the structured evaluation is unknown. AirPods Pro are not designed or approved as medical hearing aids, and their benefit, comfort, and usability for ongoing everyday hearing support require further research. | Professional hearing aid fitting and regular follow-up may be needed for optimal benefit. Costs and accessibility can vary depending on insurance and location. Some users report comfort or device adaptation issues. |
Disclaimer: This comparison is created with the help of artificial intelligence(AI) and may contain errors or missing information. It is not medical advice and does not mean one option is better or safer than another. Clinical trials are still being studied, and joining a trial is your choice. Please consult your healthcare professional before making any decisions.
You may qualify if you...
You will not qualify if you...
Duration - 2 to 4 weeks
Participants are screened for eligibility to participate in the trial.
1 visit (in-person)
Duration - Single 3-hour session
Participants undergo hearing tests, device fitting, and complete speech recognition and listening effort tasks using different assistive technologies during a single 3-hour lab session.
1 visit (in-person)
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Masking
NONE
Allocation
NA
Model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary Purpose
TREATMENT
Number of Arms
1
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Anthony J Spahr, Michael F Dorman, Leonid M Litvak...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21829134/H Levitt
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5541744/M Nilsson, S D Soli, J A Sullivan
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8132902/The University of Texas at Dallas
Lead Sponsor