Safety and efficacy of phage therapy in difficult-to-treat infections: a systematic review.
Saartje Uyttebroek, Baixing Chen, Jolien Onsea...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35248167/Actively Recruiting
Led by Ghady Haidar · Updated on 2026-07-15
12
Participants Needed
2
Research Sites
4 weeks
Total Duration
Researchers are evaluating the safety and tolerability of AchromoPhage, a new treatment made from a mixture of four natural viruses called bacteriophages, in adults with cystic fibrosis who have long-term lung infections caused by Achromobacter bacteria. This Phase 1 study aims to understand if AchromoPhage is safe and well tolerated while also exploring its effects on lung function, quality of life, and bacterial populations in the lungs. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups to receive AchromoPhage either by inhalation only, intravenous infusion only, or a combination of inhalation followed by intravenous infusion during the same visit. Each participant will receive three weekly doses with increasing amounts of the bacteriophage cocktail. The combination group receives both inhaled and intravenous doses sequentially with a 60-minute gap between. Throughout the study, participants will attend clinic visits to receive dosing over three weeks. They will provide blood, sputum, nasal, and oral samples to help researchers measure how the phages move through the body, how long they stay, and whether the body develops an immune response. Breathing tests and quality-of-life questionnaires will also be completed. The main focus is on any serious or treatment-limiting side effects during the first 42 days after dosing, along with monitoring changes in lung function, quality of life, and bacterial levels.
CONDITIONS
Bacteriophages for Adults With Cystic Fibrosis and Chronic Achromobacter Lung Infection
B
Breuna N Bishop - Program Manager, Pittsburgh Phage Program, MSE
K
Kailey Hughes Kramer - Director, Translational Research Unit, PhD MPH
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Ghady Haidar
Lead Sponsor
Cystic Fibrosis Foundation
Collaborating Sponsor
This table compares participation in this trial with other options available for this condition. The information is drawn from published research and the trial’s study details and is provided for educational purposes only.
| Factors | Inhaled Administration | Intravenous Administration | Combination Inhaled + Intravenous |
|---|---|---|---|
| What it is | Bacteriophage therapy (AchromoPhage) delivered as an inhaled treatment for adults with cystic fibrosis who have a chronic Achromobacter lung infection. | Bacteriophage therapy (AchromoPhage) given solely by intravenous infusion in the same patient group. | AchromoPhage (bacteriophage cocktail) delivered as a combination of both inhaled and intravenous therapies. |
| Role in study | Evaluates safety and biological activity when AchromoPhage is delivered by inhalation alone. | Assesses safety and biological impact of intravenous-only AchromoPhage. | Explores the safety profile and biological response when both delivery routes are used together. |
| Primary use being studied | To study the safety, biological activity, and tolerability of inhaled bacteriophage therapy for persistent Achromobacter infection in cystic fibrosis. | To investigate the safety and effect on infection markers with intravenous AchromoPhage given alone. | To evaluate safety, infection response, and drug levels after simultaneous inhaled and intravenous bacteriophage therapy. |
| How it is given | Three escalating weekly doses of AchromoPhage are given by inhalation, targeting respiratory tract delivery. | AchromoPhage is administered intravenously in three escalating weekly doses. | Both inhaled and intravenous AchromoPhage are given weekly for three weeks, with each route using escalating doses (total dose is doubled compared with single route arms). |
| Evidence status outside this trial | Limited published case series and reviews report experimental use and occasional clinical responses, but systematic efficacy data for inhaled bacteriophages targeting Achromobacter in cystic fibrosis are not yet established. | Experimental case reports exist for intravenous phage therapy against various multidrug-resistant organisms, but robust evidence specific to Achromobacter infection in cystic fibrosis is lacking. | There is no published systematic evidence for the combined use of inhaled plus intravenous phage for Achromobacter infection in cystic fibrosis; evidence is limited to single-patient reports and experimental contexts. |
| Important limitations | The safety and real-world effectiveness of inhaled AchromoPhage in cystic fibrosis patients with Achromobacter infection remain unclear, with published studies mainly consisting of small case series and no established clinical guidelines. | Evidence for intravenous bacteriophage administration in this setting is limited; most data are from small, uncontrolled reports rather than large trials, and clinical endpoints are not established. | No established standard exists for combination therapy with inhaled and intravenous phages; clinical experience is limited, and the benefits and risks of dual-route therapy have not been validated in larger studies. |
Disclaimer: This comparison is created with the help of artificial intelligence(AI) and may contain errors or missing information. It is not medical advice and does not mean one option is better or safer than another. Clinical trials are still being studied, and joining a trial is your choice. Please consult your healthcare professional before making any decisions.
You may qualify if you...
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Duration - 2 to 4 weeks
Participants are screened for eligibility to participate in the trial.
1 visit for screening assessments
Duration - 3 weeks
Participants receive AchromoPhage by inhalation only, intravenous infusion only, or both during the same visit with dose escalation over three weekly administrations.
3 weekly visits for dosing and assessments
Duration - Up to 42 days after dosing
Participants are monitored for safety, lung function, immune response, and quality of life up to 42 days after the last dose.
Regular visits for sample collection and assessments
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Masking
NONE
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Model
PARALLEL
Primary Purpose
TREATMENT
Number of Arms
3
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28807909/Ghady Haidar
Lead Sponsor
Cystic Fibrosis Foundation
Collaborating Sponsor