Neural ensemble dynamics in dorsal motor cortex during speech in people with paralysis.
Sergey D Stavisky, Francis R Willett, Guy H Wilson...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31820736/Actively Recruiting
Led by Leigh R. Hochberg, MD, PhD. · Updated on 2026-06-01
27
Participants Needed
6
Research Sites
13 weeks
Total Duration
Researchers are evaluating the BrainGate2 Neural Interface System to understand its safety and feasibility for people with tetraplegia, including those with severe speech impairments. The study aims to develop a medical device that could help individuals with paralysis regain abilities that normally depend on hand movement or speech. The project focuses on people with conditions such as spinal cord injury, brainstem stroke, muscular dystrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and other motor neuron disorders. The intervention involves placing up to six small BrainGate2 sensors into the motor-related cortex of the brain, including areas related to speech. These sensors connect to percutaneous pedestals to record neural signals, which are monitored weekly for a year or longer. The study is designed to collect preliminary safety data and demonstrate the ability of participants to control computer cursors and other assistive devices using their thoughts. Participants will be involved in regular neural recordings and evaluations to track the devices safety and functionality over a one-year post-implant period. Researchers will assess the feasibility of the system and gather data to inform larger future studies, including neural decoding methods and success measures. The total participation duration may extend beyond one year, with ongoing monitoring of device performance and participant ability to control assistive technologies.
CONDITIONS
BrainGate2: Feasibility Study of an Intracortical Neural Interface System for Persons With Tetraplegia
L
Leigh R Hochberg, M.D., Ph.D.
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Leigh R. Hochberg, MD, PhD.
Lead Sponsor
National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)
Collaborating Sponsor
This table compares participation in this trial with other options available for this condition. The information is drawn from published research and the trial’s study details and is provided for educational purposes only.
| Factors | BrainGate2 implanted brain-computer interface | Best-practice non-implanted AAC and access devices (e.g., eye-tracking, switches) |
|---|---|---|
| What is it? | A surgically implanted device that records neural signals from the brain's motor cortex, connecting to external hardware and software to decode intention and enable computer control or communication in people with severe paralysis. | A range of non-implanted technologies used to support computer access and communication, including eye-tracking systems, scanning switch-based augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices, and alternative mouse/key controls tailored for people with severe movement impairment. |
| Role in the study | The only investigational device in the single-arm BrainGate2 feasibility and safety study. | Serves as the external clinical context for participants who meet study criteria but do not receive an implanted device; represents current best clinical practice. |
| Primary use | Intended to allow individuals with tetraplegia to control a computer or communication device directly with neural signals, potentially restoring some ability to communicate or interact with technology. | Assistive technologies that support communication, typing, or computer use for people with severe motor impairment by translating minimal physical movements—such as eye movements or single muscle activation—into device commands. |
| How is it given or performed? | Surgical placement of up to six 4x4 mm arrays onto the brain's motor-related cortex, with connectors passing through the scalp. Neural activity is recorded regularly; signals are decoded using specialized software to drive external computer devices. | Non-surgical setup, typically fitting an eye-tracking camera or attaching switches to body parts with voluntary movement (for example, cheek or finger). Systems are calibrated to individual needs and can be reconfigured as capabilities change. |
| Evidence status | Demonstrated feasibility of recording and decoding neural signals in small feasibility studies; ongoing research is determining safety, usability, long-term reliability, and patient benefit in actual environments. | Well-established effectiveness for communication and device control in severe paralysis, with broad clinical adoption across disorders; limitations remain for users with very limited movement, fatigue, or ocular/visual impairment. |
| Important limitations | Requires brain surgery; device components must be maintained; risk of infection from percutaneous connectors; long-term device function, stability, and usability outside research settings remain to be demonstrated; daily setup by experienced team currently needed. | May not be usable by individuals without reliable eye movement or voluntary muscle control; some devices are slow, may require significant user training or caregiver support, and can be fatiguing over time. |
Disclaimer: This comparison is created with the help of artificial intelligence(AI) and may contain errors or missing information. It is not medical advice and does not mean one option is better or safer than another. Clinical trials are still being studied, and joining a trial is your choice. Please consult your healthcare professional before making any decisions.
You may qualify if you...
You will not qualify if you...
Duration - 2 to 4 weeks
Participants are screened for eligibility to participate in the trial.
Duration - 1 day
Participants have up to six BrainGate2 sensors placed into the motor-related cortex, connected to percutaneous pedestals.
1 surgical implantation visit (in-person)
Duration - At least 1 year
Participants have neural recordings made at least weekly for a year or more to assess device safety and feasibility.
Weekly visits for at least 1 year
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Masking
NONE
Allocation
NA
Model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary Purpose
OTHER
Number of Arms
1
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Sergey D Stavisky, Francis R Willett, Guy H Wilson...
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26099302/Leigh R. Hochberg, MD, PhD.
Lead Sponsor
National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)
Collaborating Sponsor