Banha

Researchers are evaluating pain management techniques for patients undergoing hip surgeries such as dynamic hip screw fixation or hemiarthroplasty. The study focuses on improving the ease of spinal anesthesia positioning in these patients who experience severe pain due to hip fractures. It compares a novel anterior iliopsoas space block against the established peri-capsular nerve group (PENG) block, aiming to enhance recovery and reduce opioid use in this Phase 3 clinical trial. Participants receive either the anterior iliopsoas space block or the PENG block using ultrasound guidance and local anesthetic bupivacaine. The anterior iliopsoas space block targets the lumbosacral trunk beneath the psoas major muscle, while the PENG block targets nerves supplying the anterior hip capsule. Both procedures involve careful preparation and ultrasound visualization to administer the anesthetic accurately before surgery. During the study, researchers assess how easily patients can be positioned for spinal anesthesia 30 minutes after the nerve block. Participants will be monitored for pain control, nerve block effectiveness, and any side effects. The study includes adult patients scheduled for hip surgery under spinal anesthesia, with follow-up evaluating the positioning ease and overall pain management outcomes.

Researchers are evaluating the effects of adding dexmedetomidine to articaine, a local anesthetic, for nerve block during ambulatory orthopedic surgery on the upper limb. Articaine is a fast-acting anesthetic with low neurotoxicity and is cleared quickly from the body. Dexmedetomidine is studied for its ability to prolong sensory and motor block and provide analgesia through its action on adrenergic receptors. This study aims to test the efficacy of this combination in extending the duration of sensory and motor block compared to articaine alone. The study compares two interventions: supraclavicular brachial plexus block using articaine 2% alone and articaine 2% combined with dexmedetomidine. Participants undergo upper limb surgery below the midhumerus, expected to last less than 90 minutes. The study focuses on ambulatory surgery where early recovery of motor function with adequate pain relief is important for starting physiotherapy. During the study, researchers measure the duration of sensory block up to 24 hours after the nerve block. Participants are monitored for block effects and recovery to assess sensory and motor function. The study includes adults aged 18 to 60 years undergoing the specified surgeries. Safety and effectiveness of the anesthetic combination are observed throughout the surgical and recovery period.

Researchers are investigating the anatomical and functional results of using an autologous Tenon's capsule graft in patients with refractory full-thickness macular holes. This study focuses on patients who have chronic large macular holes greater than 400 micrometers or persistent holes after previous pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling and gas tamponade. The study aims to assess how well the macular hole closes anatomically and how vision improves over a 3-month follow-up period. Participants will undergo a 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy during which Tenon's capsule tissue is taken from the patient's own eye through conjunctival peritomy. The tissue is trimmed and placed into the macular hole with the help of intraocular forceps. Perfluorocarbon liquid may be used to stabilize the graft, followed by silicone oil tamponade. The silicone oil will be removed after 8 to 12 weeks. Throughout the study, researchers will use spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) to monitor anatomical closure of the macular hole and measure best-corrected visual acuity to assess functional outcomes. The study also includes standard postoperative evaluations at set intervals over three months. The primary outcome is the anatomical closure of the macular hole at 3 months after surgery.

Researchers are evaluating the Capillary Leak Index (CLI) compared to conventional biomarkers to predict outcomes, including 28-day mortality, in critically ill patients who develop post-operative abdominal sepsis. The study focuses on patients with postoperative secondary peritonitis admitted to the ICU, aiming to understand the prognostic value of CLI in this serious condition. Blood samples are collected at multiple times: within 1 to 2 hours of ICU admission (Day 0), then on Days 1, 2, and 7. These samples are used to monitor changes in CLI and conventional biomarkers throughout the ICU stay. The study tracks these markers to assess their ability to predict patient outcomes related to sepsis. Participants will be monitored for all-cause mortality from October 1, 2025, to October 1, 2026. Researchers will also assess clinical signs, laboratory tests, and systemic inflammation markers. The study involves close follow-up during the ICU stay and evaluation of sepsis progression and response to treatment over the first week.

Researchers are evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of Phase-Sensitive Inversion Recovery (PSIR) MRI compared to conventional T2-weighted (T2W) and Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) MRI sequences in detecting early brain lesions in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The study focuses on individuals aged 15 to 65 years diagnosed with MS according to the 2017 McDonald criteria. It aims to determine if PSIR MRI can detect more cortical lesions and better correlate with clinical disability and cognitive performance measures than traditional MRI sequences. The study is cross-sectional and involves imaging patients using both PSIR and conventional MRI sequences at 1.5 Tesla with an 8-channel head coil. Two independent neuroradiologists will assess the images for the number and classification of cortical lesions, including intracortical, leukocortical, and juxtacortical lesions. Lesions identified by PSIR will be compared slice by slice with those found on FLAIR images. The study expects to observe differences in lesion detection capabilities between the imaging methods. Participants will undergo complete history taking, physical and neurological examinations, and MRI scans according to a standardized protocol. Clinical assessments include the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) to evaluate neurological disability and cognitive function. Researchers will analyze lesion numbers and classifications after 18 months and assess correlations between imaging findings and clinical measures. Safety and ethical standards are maintained through informed consent and adherence to institutional ethical guidelines.

Researchers are studying the effects of different doses of Dexmedetomidine (DEX) on reducing postoperative delirium (POD) and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in elderly patients undergoing major lower limb orthopedic surgery. This Phase 2 study compares low and high doses of DEX with a control group receiving standard fentanyl-based anesthesia to find the best dose for protecting brain function after surgery. The goal is to better understand how DEX dosage influences recovery of cognitive health after surgery in older adults. During surgery, patients will receive intravenous infusions of either a low dose or a high dose of Dexmedetomidine alongside opioid-based general anesthesia, or they will receive fentanyl anesthesia without DEX. This approach allows comparison of the neuroprotective effects of different DEX doses against the standard treatment. The study focuses on elderly patients receiving major surgery on their lower limbs under general anesthesia. Participants will be closely monitored to measure the occurrence of postoperative delirium within 48 hours after surgery. Researchers will assess cognitive function and other health outcomes to evaluate the impact of each treatment. The study includes elderly patients aged 55 to 70 with specific physical health statuses and excludes those with prior dementia or drug allergies. The results will help determine the optimal dose of Dexmedetomidine to reduce cognitive complications after orthopedic surgery in older adults.

This research aims to assess how diving and aquatic exercises impact muscle spasticity and motor function in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Cerebral palsy is a neurological disorder affecting movement and muscle control during childhood. Hydrotherapy is a common additional treatment for children with neuro-motor impairments like cerebral palsy, as the water's properties may make exercise easier and more motivating than land-based activities, especially for those with moderate to severe mobility challenges. Participants will take part in an intensive swimming program lasting 8 weeks, with sessions of 45 minutes each. This program is designed to improve safety and functional independence in the water. The hydrotherapy will be conducted in a swimming pool maintained at a temperature suitable for the outdoor weather. During the study, researchers will evaluate changes in motor function using the Gross Motor Function Measurement-66, assessed 8 weeks after completing the swimming program. The study will monitor muscle spasticity and motor abilities to understand the effects of aquatic therapy. Children aged 2 to 5 years with spastic cerebral palsy will be involved in this process.

Researchers are evaluating how sedation before spinal anesthesia, guided by ultrasound, might reduce the chances of developing back pain after surgery. The study focuses on adults having non-obstetric lower abdominal or lower limb surgeries. It aims to compare standard spinal anesthesia techniques, ultrasound guidance, and the use of sedation to find safer, more comfortable ways to manage pain during and after surgery. Participants will be divided into three groups: one receiving ultrasound-guided spinal anesthesia with sedation using midazolam before the procedure, another receiving ultrasound-guided spinal anesthesia without sedation, and a control group receiving the traditional landmark-guided spinal anesthesia without sedation. All techniques involve an intrathecal injection of bupivacaine after local lidocaine infiltration. Sedation, when given, is administered intravenously shortly before the spinal anesthesia, with oxygen and monitoring throughout. During the study, researchers will track back pain incidence shortly after surgery (24-48 hours) and then at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively using pain scales and questionnaires. They will also assess pain severity, number of needle attempts, procedure time, patient satisfaction, and any side effects like headaches or nausea. Participants will be closely monitored, and their experiences documented to better understand how these methods affect postoperative pain and recovery.

Researchers are evaluating the use of artificial intelligence in gait training for patients who have undergone above-knee amputation. The study focuses on how this technology might assist these patients in improving their walking ability and overall stability. Participants will receive gait training that incorporates artificial intelligence technology designed to support and monitor their walking. This device-based intervention aims to enhance rehabilitation for above-knee amputees. The study does not specify multiple groups but centers on the use of this AI tool during training. During the study, participants' balance and stability will be assessed by measuring Medio-lateral Stability Index (MLSI), Anterior-posterior Stability Index (APSI), and Overall Stability Index (OSI) at the start and after 30 days of training. These evaluations will help determine changes in gait stability. The total participation period includes these two measurement points, focusing on the effects of the AI-assisted training.

Researchers are evaluating the effects of high-intensity laser therapy compared to high power pain threshold ultrasound in treating plantar fasciitis, a common foot condition that causes pain at the heel and affects mobility and quality of life. The study aims to compare how these two therapies impact pain levels and range of motion in patients with plantar fasciitis. Participants are divided into three groups: one receiving conventional treatment combined with high-intensity laser therapy, another receiving conventional treatment combined with high power pain threshold ultrasound, and a third group receiving only conventional treatment. Each group undergoes therapy three times a week for one month. Throughout the study, participants' pain intensity is assessed at the start and after four weeks of treatment. Researchers will monitor changes in pain and range of motion to understand the therapies' effects. The study includes adults aged 30 to 60 years with plantar heel pain lasting at least one month, and participation lasts for one month of treatment.