El Omraniya

Primary dysmenorrhea, a common menstrual condition affecting many adolescent girls and women, often leads to missed school or work days. This research aims to evaluate how primary dysmenorrhea influences knee joint position sense, pain, and dynamic balance in young adult females. The study addresses a gap in knowledge regarding these effects and seeks to provide evidence-based information relevant to physical therapy. Participants are female students aged 18 to 25 years with regular menstrual cycles and mild physical activity levels. The study does not involve any intervention but assesses participants during their menstrual cycle. The focus is on measuring knee joint position sense, pain, and dynamic balance without introducing treatment. During the study, researchers will evaluate several stability indices, including the Overall Stability Index, Antero-posterior Stability Index, and Medial-Lateral Stability Index, as well as knee joint position sense. These assessments will occur on the first and fourth days of menstruation to observe changes. The study monitors these outcomes to better understand the impact of primary dysmenorrhea on physical function.

Postural instability is a major and disabling symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD), especially in its advanced stages, leading to frequent falls and loss of independence. This research aims to evaluate the long-term effects of high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on improving postural stability in patients with PD. The study focuses on patients with mild to moderate PD severity, aged 55 to 70 years, who have had the disease for two to five years and meet specific diagnostic criteria. Participants will be randomly divided into two groups: a control group receiving a designed physical therapy program and a study group receiving both the same physical therapy and 12 sessions of 5Hz rTMS over the primary motor cortex on the side more affected by PD. The rTMS treatment will be given three times per week for four weeks using a specialized magnetic stimulation device. The position of the stimulation coil will be carefully adjusted and marked for consistency, and treatments will be administered while patients are in their "On" medication state. Throughout the study, participants' balance will be objectively assessed using the Biodex balance system before treatment, immediately after, and one month later. Measurements include overall, antero-posterior, and medio-lateral stability indices, dynamic limits of stability scores, directional control, and time to complete balance tests. The study monitors changes in these outcomes to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the intervention over six months.

Researchers are evaluating the safety and effectiveness of ACE Reno, an oral transmucosal solution containing standardized bioactive peptides and amino acids, in adults with nephropathy caused by various conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, autoimmune diseases, reflux/urinary tract infections, chronic glomerulonephritis, unknown causes, pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD), or post-transplant proteinuria. This Phase 4, open-label, multicenter trial aims to determine whether 12 weeks of ACE Reno treatment can reduce albuminuria or proteinuria and stabilize kidney function. Participants will receive 1 mL of ACE Reno sublingually four times daily for 12 weeks. The study includes a 4-week post-treatment safety follow-up period. The design is single-arm with within-patient comparisons. Visits occur at screening, baseline (Day 0), and at Weeks 4, 8, 12, with a final safety call at Week 16. The peptide components in ACE Reno are designed to target multiple pathways involved in CKD progression, including antifibrotic and vasodilatory mechanisms. During the study, participants will have regular assessments including blood pressure, vital signs, weight, laboratory tests (creatinine/eGFR, electrolytes, liver panel, complete blood count, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio), and patient-reported outcomes related to quality of life and fatigue. Safety monitoring focuses on hyperkalemia, creatinine changes, liver and blood tests. The primary outcome is the change in urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio after 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes include changes in eGFR slope, proteinuria, blood pressure, and biomarker profiles, with extended follow-up of responders for up to 6 months.

Researchers are studying the effects of adding aerobic exercise to cognitive behavioural treatment in men who experience heavy drinking, impotence, and metabolic syndrome. The study aims to evaluate whether including supervised aerobic training improves outcomes compared to cognitive behavioural treatment alone. This trial involves men aged between 35 and 45 years old who have these conditions. The study will include 40 men divided into two groups of 20 participants each. Both groups will receive cognitive behavioural treatment consisting of 30-minute sessions, three times per week, for 12 weeks. In addition, one group will also take part in supervised aerobic training, which involves walking on an electrical treadmill for 50 minutes per session, three times per week, for the same 12-week period. Participants will be monitored throughout the 12 weeks of treatment. Researchers will assess the international index of erectile function after 12 weeks to measure changes in impotence. The study focuses on evaluating the combined effect of behavioural therapy and exercise on the participants' conditions. Safety and adherence to the treatment schedule will also be observed during the trial period.

Stroke is a significant health issue in the Egyptian population, with an increasing number of cases across all regions. Many stroke survivors develop disabilities that limit their physical activity, leading to reduced cardio-respiratory fitness and higher risks of other cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to investigate how aerobic training affects cardio-respiratory fitness and health-related quality of life in stroke survivors aged 55 to 65 years old with hemiplegia or hemiparesis. The study involves 80 post-stroke patients divided into two groups. One group will receive an aerobic training program combined with traditional physical therapy, while the other group will receive only the traditional physical therapy program. The aerobic training consists of moderate interval sessions three times a week for 16 weeks, each lasting 30 to 40 minutes with warm-up and cool-down periods, targeting 50-80% of the maximal heart rate. The physical therapy program includes neurorehabilitation exercises such as weight shifting, shoulder movements, strengthening, sensory reeducation, and body awareness exercises, conducted in one-hour sessions three times weekly over 16 weeks. Participants will be assessed using the 6-minute walk test and the Stroke Impact Scale at the start and after 16 weeks. The study will monitor participants' walking speed, endurance, and quality of life improvements. Evaluations include functional ambulatory category, cognitive status, and health stability. The research aims to support faster recovery and reduce risks of cardiac dysfunction and stroke recurrence in stroke survivors through improved cardio-respiratory fitness.

This research evaluates the use of antihistamines to prevent hypotensive transfusion reactions in children undergoing elective surgery to repair congenital heart defects. It is a Phase 4, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study conducted at a university hospital. The study includes children aged 1 to 7 years with acyanotic congenital heart disease. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either a single intravenous dose of chlorpheniramine at 0.25 mg/kg or an equal volume of normal saline as a placebo. The dose is given immediately after separation from cardiopulmonary bypass and before protamine administration. There are two groups with 20 patients each. During the study, researchers will monitor for episodes of low blood pressure within 15 minutes after cardiopulmonary bypass weaning. The trial includes assessments related to blood transfusion reactions, safety monitoring, and careful observation during and after surgery. The total involvement covers the surgery and immediate post-procedure period.

Researchers are evaluating the accuracy of an artificial intelligence (AI)-based automatic design system for fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) compared to traditional computer-aided design (CAD) software. This in vitro study focuses on adults aged 18 to 65 years who have damaged teeth needing fixed dental prostheses and adequate occlusal anatomy. The goal is to determine if AI-generated designs match the accuracy of human-designed prostheses. Digital intraoral scans from eligible patients will be used to create prosthetic designs through two methods: one using experienced dental professionals manually designing with CAD software, and the other using an AI system trained, validated, and tested on these scans and historical data. The AI model training consists of 60% training data, 10% validation, and 30% testing. Both design approaches will be compared using 3D superimposition and Intersection over Union (IOU) percentage for accuracy. Participants' digital scans will be analyzed immediately after prosthesis design generation. Researchers will measure crown design accuracy and margin detection performance through statistical methods including F1 score, precision, and recall. The study will include a total of 438 scans, with continuous monitoring of design precision to assess if AI designs are comparable to conventional methods.

This research aims to study how different grades of chondromalacia patellae, a condition involving softening and damage to the cartilage over the kneecap, affect static and dynamic balance. Chondromalacia can cause knee pain and is found in patients with osteoarthritis, knee injuries, or even without symptoms. The study involves 100 participants, including 80 with various grades of chondromalacia and 20 healthy controls, to better understand the relationship between cartilage damage severity and balance. Participants will be grouped based on the grade of their chondromalacia (Grades I to IV), confirmed by MRI, along with a control group of healthy individuals. The study evaluates balance using the Biodex Balance System, focusing on both static balance (body stability while still) and dynamic balance (stability during movement). No specific treatments or interventions are administered as part of this cross-sectional study. During the study, participant balance will be measured for up to four weeks using specialized equipment. Researchers will assess static and dynamic balance to understand how cartilage damage impacts postural control. Participants will undergo evaluations such as the patellar Grind Test for knee pain, and their body mass index and chronicity of symptoms will be recorded. The study monitors all participants carefully to collect accurate balance data and ensure safety throughout the study period.

Dry Eye Disease (DED) is a complex condition affecting the eye's surface, causing discomfort, unstable tear film, and vision problems. It is common worldwide, affecting 5% to 50% of people, and can lower quality of life while increasing healthcare demands. Cataract, a clouding of the eye's lens, is the leading cause of preventable blindness globally, impacting about 94 million people and accounting for roughly one-third of blindness cases. Its risk rises with age and factors like UV exposure, diabetes, smoking, and genetics. Low- and middle-income countries face a higher burden due to limited access to surgery and care. Cataracts also carry significant economic costs and contribute to psychological challenges such as depression and loss of independence. This Phase 4 study evaluates stem cell-fortified eye drops containing mesenchymal stem cells, aiming to improve eye surface health in people with DED by reducing inflammation and promoting tissue repair. Participants will apply two drops of these eye drops three times daily for 12 weeks. The study uses advanced tools to assess tear film stability, tear volume, and dry eye symptoms, focusing on the effects of this emerging regenerative therapy. Participants will be adults aged 18 to 80 diagnosed with dry eye disease. The study monitors treatment effects through slit-lamp examinations and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) to assess eye structure clarity at 12 weeks. Researchers will track symptoms, tear film, and volume changes to evaluate the therapy's impact. Safety and efficacy will be carefully observed throughout the study period to understand the potential benefits of the stem cell eye drops.

Researchers are investigating the safety and effectiveness of oral Gabapentin compared to Diclofenac Potassium for managing pain after surface ablation surgery, a procedure known as photorefractive keratectomy. This Phase 1 study aims to determine which medication better controls postoperative pain in adults aged 18 to 65 with stable preoperative eye conditions. The study involves two treatment groups: one receiving oral Gabapentin at a dose of 300 mg three times a day, and the other receiving oral Diclofenac Potassium at 50 mg three times a day. Both medications are administered starting on the first day after surgery and continued for 72 hours. The trial evaluates pain relief during this period following the surgical procedure. Participants will be closely monitored for pain intensity using a visual analog scale (VAS) up to 72 hours after surgery. Researchers will assess pain severity and medication safety throughout the study. The trial includes preoperative vision and corneal measurements to ensure eligibility, and participants will be observed for any adverse effects or complications related to the treatments.