Comparing Effects of Hydroponic and Conventional Spinach Smoothies on Salivary Nitrate and Blood Pressure in Healthy Adults Aged 18 to 60

What this Trial Is About

Researchers are investigating whether consuming hydroponic spinach HS smoothies versus conventional spinach CS smoothies affects salivary nitrate levels and blood pressure differently in healthy adults aged 18 to 60. This randomized, double-blind crossover study aims to explore the physiological impact of these two types of spinach smoothies, given that hydroponic spinach may contain higher nitrate concentrations, which influence vascular function and blood pressure. Participants will attend two laboratory visits scheduled about 7 to 14 days apart. In this crossover design, each participant consumes both a hydroponic spinach smoothie and a conventional spinach smoothie in random order, with smoothies matched for volume and appearance to maintain blinding. Baseline measurements are taken before consumption, followed by repeated assessments up to 2 hours post-consumption. During each visit, researchers will collect saliva samples to measure nitrate concentration and monitor cardiovascular responses including systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate. Participants are required to attend both visits, comply with study procedures, and provide informed consent. The study includes health checks and careful monitoring to assess the acute effects of smoothie consumption on vascular health.

Hydroponic vs Conventional Spinach Smoothies: Effects on Salivary Nitrate Bioavailability and Blood Pressure