How Smoking Influences Immune Responses in Gum and Bone Health Around Dental Implants

What this Trial Is About

Peri-implant diseases are inflammatory conditions affecting the gums and bone around dental implants. These include peri-implant mucositis, which causes gum inflammation, and peri-implantitis, which can lead to bone loss and implant failure. Smoking is a significant risk factor because it may alter the immune response to inflammation and infection. This observational study compares smokers and non-smokers with healthy implants, peri-implant mucositis, or peri-implantitis to better understand these effects. Participants are divided into groups based on smoking status and implant health non-smokers and smokers each with healthy peri-implant tissues, peri-implant mucositis, or peri-implantitis. Fluid samples will be collected from around the implants during a single study visit to measure proteins related to inflammation, healing, and immune responses. This approach aims to identify biological markers linked to smoking and peri-implant disease. During the study, participants will provide fluid samples from around their dental implants at one visit. Researchers will measure immune markers related to different immune cell types in these samples. The main outcome is the level of these immune markers in peri-implant crevicular fluid. The study helps clarify how smoking influences immune responses in peri-implant health and disease, with the overall participation lasting around one visit per participant.

Impact of Smoking on Immune Responses in Peri-implant Health and Disease