Real-Life Comparison of the 2024 and 2017 McDonald Criteria for Diagnosing Multiple Sclerosis Using New Imaging and CSF Tests

What this Trial Is About

Researchers are evaluating the new 2024 McDonald criteria for diagnosing multiple sclerosis MS compared to the previous 2017 version. These updated criteria introduce new diagnostic elements such as additional imaging techniques, ophthalmological data, and the kappa index test in cerebrospinal fluid. The study aims to see if the 2024 criteria improve early diagnosis rates and to determine the best threshold for the kappa index test. The study involves applying both the 2017 and 2024 McDonald diagnostic criteria to patients consulting neurology departments for suspected MS between September 2025 and December 2026. Patients undergo routine diagnostic tests including brain MRIs, optic nerve imaging, ophthalmological exams, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. The kappa index test is performed for patients seen at Nancy University Hospital, with no additional procedures beyond standard care. Follow-up assessments continue over two years to compare diagnosis rates using both criteria. Participants will be followed through their usual clinical visits and standard care procedures, with data collected from imaging reports, neurological assessments, and laboratory tests. Researchers will measure the percentage of patients diagnosed with MS at initial assessment and at intervals over two years. They will also evaluate the diagnostic value of each test and identify optimal thresholds for the kappa index. The study will help clarify which tests are most useful for timely MS diagnosis and may guide future updates to diagnostic guidelines.

Comparison of the Performance of the 2024 and 2017 McDonald Criteria for the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis in Real Life