Effects of Adding Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation to Otago Exercise Program on Fall Risk in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes and Peripheral Neuropathy

What this Trial Is About

Diabetes Mellitus, especially type 2, is a widespread condition often leading to Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy DPN, which affects sensation and muscle control in the feet, legs, hands, and arms. This condition can cause symptoms like pain, numbness, and balance problems, increasing the risk of falls. This research aims to assess whether adding Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation PNF exercises to the Otago Exercise Program can improve balance, reduce fear of falling, and enhance sensory function in people with DPN. The study compares two groups one follows the Otago Exercise Program alone, which includes 14 strengthening and balance exercises targeting leg muscles and walking skills the other group combines Otago exercises with PNF, a method involving diagonal and spiral movement patterns designed to improve neuromuscular control through progressive resistance. Both interventions are delivered in sessions lasting 40 to 50 minutes, three times a week, over six weeks. Participants will be evaluated using measures such as the Berg Balance Scale, Fall Efficacy Scale, Functional Reach Test, and Semmes Weinstein Monofilament Test at the start and end of the six-week program. Screening includes the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument and Berg Balance Scale to confirm eligibility. The study will document changes in balance, fear of falling, and sensory function to understand the effects of the exercise protocols on fall risk in this population.

Additional Effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation With Otago Exercises on Fall Risk in Diabetes Mellitus Patients