Actively Recruiting
Correlation Between Toilet Sitting Position, Ankle Range of Motion, and Lower Limb Strength in Children
Led by Riphah International University · Updated on 2026-05-08
191
Participants Needed
1
Research Sites
19 weeks
Total Duration
On this page
AI-Summary
What this Trial Is About
This study investigates the relationship between different toilet sitting styles (squat vs. western) and their effects on ankle range of motion (ROM), constipation symptoms, and lower limb strength in school-going children aged 6-12 years. With increasing urbanization, the shift from traditional squat toilets to sitting toilets may influence children's musculoskeletal development and bowel health. Squatting involves greater ankle dorsiflexion and muscle activation, which may contribute to better lower limb strength and improved bowel function compared to sitting postures. A comparative cross-sectional design will be used, including participants from public and private schools. Data on toilet usage habits will be collected along with demographic information. Ankle ROM will be measured using a goniometer, lower limb strength will be assessed through the 1-minute sit-to-stand test and standing long jump, and constipation symptoms will be evaluated using the PAC-SYM questionnaire. Data analysis will be conducted using SPSS version 26. Ethical approval will be obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of Riphah International University, Lahore.
CONDITIONS
Official Title
Correlation Between Toilet Sitting Position, Ankle Range of Motion, and Lower Limb Strength in Children
Who Can Participate
Eligibility Criteria
You may qualify if you...
- Students aged 6 to 12 years
- Both males and females
- Normal developing children
- Children who use either sitting or squatting toilet type only
- Children willing to participate and perform functional tasks
You will not qualify if you...
- Children with abdominal surgery
- Children with lower limb surgery
- Children with acute or chronic diseases like irritable bowel syndrome
- Children using both toilet postures
- Children with neurological or developmental delays affecting toilet independence such as cerebral palsy and autism
- Children on medications that affect bowel movement, such as laxatives or opioids
AI-Screening
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Trial Site Locations
Total: 1 location
1
City District High School Lahore
Lahore, Punjab Province, Pakistan, 54000
Actively Recruiting
Research Team
I
Imran Amjad, PhD
CONTACT
M
Muhammad Asif Javed, MS-PT
CONTACT
How is the study designed?
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Masking
N/A
Allocation
N/A
Model
N/A
Primary Purpose
N/A
Number of Arms
0
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