Current and experimental treatments of Parkinson disease: A guide for neuroscientists.
Wolfgang Oertel, Jörg B Schulz
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27577098/Actively Recruiting
Led by San Francisco Neurology and Sleep Center · Updated on 2026-06-16
40
Participants Needed
1
Research Sites
8 weeks
Total Duration
Parkinsons disease PD is a brain disorder causing progressive movement problems like slowness, stiffness, tremor, and difficulty walking. Many people with PD also face thinking and memory challenges. Current medications help manage movement symptoms but may lose effectiveness over time and cause side effects. Researchers are evaluating whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation rTMS, a non-invasive treatment using magnetic pulses to stimulate the motor cortex, can improve movement and thinking abilities in people with mild to moderate PD. Participants in this open-label pilot study will receive 6 sessions of high-frequency rTMS using the EXOMIND173 device. Treatments are administered twice a week over about 3 weeks, targeting both sides of the primary motor cortex with 10-20 Hz stimulation at 90-110% of resting motor threshold. The study includes a screening phase up to 14 days, the treatment phase of approximately 21 days, and a follow-up phase of 90 days. No placebo or control group is involved. Participants will be assessed before treatment, at the last treatment session, and at 1-month and 3-month follow-ups. Evaluations include motor function tests MDS-UPDRS-III, gait and walking assessments, cognitive testing using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Creyos battery, mood questionnaires, and quality of life measures. Safety monitoring involves checking vital signs and possible adverse effects at each session and follow-up. Total study participation lasts up to 139 days.
CONDITIONS
Effects of Accelerated rTMS On Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease
J
Joy Shihui Meng, MD
J
Junyi Sun, MD, PhD
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San Francisco Neurology and Sleep Center
Lead Sponsor
This table compares participation in this trial with other options available for this condition. The information is drawn from published research and the trial’s study details and is provided for educational purposes only.
| Factors | Study rTMS Treatment (EXOMIND device) | Current guideline pharmacological care |
|---|---|---|
| What it is | A course of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) using the EXOMIND device focused on the primary motor cortex, delivered over six sessions in three weeks. | Pharmacological management with levodopa and/or dopamine agonists, often alongside MAO-B inhibitors or COMT inhibitors as recommended by current neurology guidelines for motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. |
| Role in study | All enrolled participants received rTMS added to their ongoing medication regimen. No randomized comparator group. | Established clinical care as recommended by guidelines: dopaminergic medication regimen tailored to disease stage and symptom burden. |
| Primary use | Studied as an add-on treatment to potentially improve motor and cognitive function in patients with mild to moderate Parkinson's disease already stable on medication. | Prescribed as the main approach to control core motor symptoms in early and moderate Parkinson's disease, including bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremor. |
| How it is given or performed | Six outpatient sessions of rTMS, each involving bilateral stimulation of the primary motor cortex, delivered twice weekly over three weeks, using parameters set at 10-20 Hz and 90-110% of the individual's resting motor threshold. | Oral tablets of levodopa, dopamine agonists, MAO-B inhibitors, and/or COMT inhibitors are taken daily, with dosing individualized to patient needs and medication tolerability. |
| Evidence status | Preliminary evidence from meta-analyses and network reviews suggests rTMS may improve motor symptoms and gait in Parkinson's disease, though there is substantial heterogeneity and evidence remains investigational, especially for cognitive outcomes. | Extensive high-level evidence demonstrates that dopaminergic medications reliably reduce core motor symptoms and improve functional status in most patients, as established in multiple guidelines and systematic reviews. |
| Important limitations | Evidence is limited by small sample sizes, short-term follow-up, variable stimulation parameters, and absence of a randomized control group in the present study. Long-term effects and generalizability remain uncertain. | Motor improvements commonly wane over time owing to disease progression or the development of motor complications such as dyskinesia or fluctuations; medications may increase the risk of impulse control disorders, hallucinations, and other adverse effects, especially with prolonged use. |
Disclaimer: This comparison is created with the help of artificial intelligence(AI) and may contain errors or missing information. It is not medical advice and does not mean one option is better or safer than another. Clinical trials are still being studied, and joining a trial is your choice. Please consult your healthcare professional before making any decisions.
You may qualify if you...
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Duration - Up to 14 days
Participants are screened for eligibility to participate in the trial.
Duration - Approximately 21 days
Participants receive 6 sessions of high-frequency rTMS targeting the motor cortex twice weekly over about 3 weeks using the EXOMIND173 device.
6 treatment sessions
Duration - 90 days
Participants return for assessments at 1 month and 3 months after treatment to evaluate motor and cognitive changes and monitor safety.
2 follow-up visits
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Masking
NONE
Allocation
NA
Model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary Purpose
TREATMENT
Number of Arms
1
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38588457/San Francisco Neurology and Sleep Center
Lead Sponsor